Table 1.
Demographic variables and clinical characteristics of TS patients and normal controls
| Characteristics | TS (n = 44) | HC (n = 41) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 33M/11F | 26M/15F | 0.247† | ||
| Age (range) | 8.98 ± 3.11 (3–16 years) | 10.27 ± 3.18 (3–15 years) | 0.062t | ||
| Concurrent ADHD | 7 | No | ‐ | ||
| Concurrent OCD | No | No | ‐ | ||
| YGTSS | Motor tics | 17.55 ± 3.56 | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Vocal tics | 8.77 ± 7.60 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| Impairment rating | 25.68 ± 12.13 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| Duration (years) | 1.73 ± 1.44 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| Head Motion | Translation (mm) | x | 0.049 ± 0.045 | 0.051 ± 0.039 | 0.804t |
| y | 0.154 ± 0.058 | 0.163 ± 0.032 | 0.393t | ||
| z | 0.397 ± 0.161 | 0.362 ± 0.122 | 0.263t | ||
| Euclidian distance (mm) | 0.406 ± 0.111 | 0.423 ± 0.133 | 0.546t | ||
| Rotation (10−1×radians) | X | 0.023 ± 0.023 | 0.029 ± 0.025 | 0.196t | |
| Y | 0.010 ± 0.009 | 0.013 ± 0.009 | 0.068t | ||
| Z | 0.010 ± 0.007 | 0.010 ± 0.006 | 0.558t | ||
| Mean displacement (mm) | abs | 0.810 ± 0.199 | 0.820 ± 0.133 | 0.768t | |
| rel | 0.299 ± 0.054 | 0.300 ± 0.056 | 0.974t | ||
P > 0.05 indicates that age, gender, and all head‐motion parameters have no significant between‐group differences and are well matched.
abs, absolute; rel, relative. YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; ADHD, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder; OCD, obsessive‐compulsive disorder; M, male; F, female. t, two‐sample t test. † = χ 2 (chi‐square) test.