Table 1.
Study population characteristics
| Diagnostic subtype, n (%): | Control (n = 67) | PAE (n = 69) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAS | – | 4 (6) | |
| pFAS | – | 12 (17) | |
| ARND | – | 36 (52) | |
| PAE | – | 17 (25) | |
| Demographics: | t‐test P‐value | ||
| Mean age ± SD (range) | 12.1 ± 3.2 (6–18) | 12.5 ± 3.2 (5–18) | 0.456 |
| Males n (%) | 27 (40) | 33 (48) | 0.319 |
| Socioeconomic status | 46.5 | 42.1 | 0.054 |
| Ethnicity: | Chi‐squared P‐value | ||
| Caucasian n (%) | 64 (95) | 26 (38) | <0.0001 |
| First Nations n (%) | 1 (2) | 34 (49) | <0.0001 |
| Other Ethnicity n (%) | 2 (3) | 9 (13) | 0.017 |
| Comorbidities n (%): | Chi‐squared P‐value | ||
| ADHD | 0 (0) | 37 (54) | <0.0001 |
| ODD | 0 (0) | 5 (7) | 0.007 |
| Anxiety | 0 (0) | 9 (13) | 0.0002 |
| Depression | 0 (0) | 6 (9) | 0.002 |
| Other | 0 (0) | 24 (35) | <0.0001 |
| Medications n (%): | Chi‐squared P‐value | ||
| Stimulants | 0 (0) | 28 (41) | <0.0001 |
| Antipsychotics | 0 (0) | 11 (16) | <0.0001 |
| Antidepressant | 0 (0) | 5 (7) | 0.007 |
| Other | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0.081 |
PAE, prenatal alcohol exposure; FAS, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; Pfas, Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; SD, standard deviation; ARND, Alcohol Related Neurodevelopment Disorder; n, number; ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ODD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder.