Figure 1.

The desire‐reason dilemma paradigm. Participants performed the task with two target colors presented at the beginning of each block. Successful performance of this task was the superordinate goal to gain 50 points per block. In the Desire Context (DC: top row), participants were allowed to also accept reward colors (e.g., green) to gain additional 10 bonus points. The contingency between color and reward was established before the experiment. By contrast, in the Reason Context (RC: bottom row), these reward stimuli had to be rejected if they did not match one of the target colors. The error to accept conditioned reward stimuli during the RC block led to the loss of the 50 points. [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]