Skip to main content
. 2017 Apr 11;38(7):3444–3453. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23600

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Reduced modulation capability of left VTA in participants with high current urbanicity (CU) scores (full sample, N = 147). Compared to participants living in small town/rural areas, the ones living in cities (high CU) showed both decreased bottom–up activation and reduced top–down suppression of reward‐related activity in the left VTA. Bars show the parameter estimates of the left VTA when subjects with low CU (left bars) and high CU (right bars) accepted the conditioned reward stimuli in the DC and rejected it in the RC; error bars denote standard error.