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. 2016 Oct 11;38(2):909–922. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23427

Table 4.

Comparison of subthalamic nucleus (STN) volumes published in literature

Age Age range Volume
Author Method (mean age) (years) (mm3) Segmentation
Our values MRI 3.0 T 83 65–96 99 a SA
Our values

Histology

(20 µm paraffin)

83 65–96 131 SA
Akakin et al., 2015 [retracted] n/g n/g n/g 40 n/g
Xiao et al., 2014 MRI 3.0 T 61 n/g 156b SA
Camlidag et al., 2014 MRI 1.5 T 56 45–65 42a, c SA
Keuken et al., 2014 MRI 7.0 T 24 n/g 56d SA
Weiss et al., 2015 MRI 7.0 T 67 44–91 109d SA
Keuken et al., 2013 MRI 7.0 T 24 22–28 62d SA
Keuken et al., 2013 MRI 7.0 T 51 40–59 75d SA
Keuken et al., 2013 MRI 7.0 T 72 67–77 52d SA
Lambert et al., 2012 MRI 3.0 T 34 n/g 155e SA
Massey et al., 2012 MRI 9.4 T 75 38–94 106 SA
Schäfer et al., 2012 MRI 7.0 T 24 22–28 48 SA
Forstmann et al., 2012 MRI 7.0 T 24 18–33 58d SA
Schlaier et al., 2011 MRI 1.5 T 63 46–73 235 SA
Colpan and Slavin, 2010 MRI 3.0 T 62 n/g 270 SA
Shen et al., 2009 MRI 1.5 T ♂:44; ♀: 46 21–80 132f SA
Nowinski et al., 2006 NURBS‐reconstruction n/g atlas‐based 174g A
Slavin et al., 2006 n/g n/g n/g 20 SA
Lévesque and Parent, 2005 Histology (55 µm freezing microtome) 51 22–85 175 SA
Richter et al., 2004 MRI 1.5 T 55 39–68 60h M
Richter et al., 2004 MRI 1.5 T 55 39–68 457i M
Hardman et al., 2002 Histology (50 µm cryostat) 74 n/g 120j SA
Yelnik, 2002 Computer‐aided 3D cartography n/g n/g 158 A
Hardman et al., 1997 Histology (50 µm cryostat) 75 61–84 127j SA
Schaltenbrand and Wahren, 1977 Atlas of stereotaxy n/g atlas‐based 183k M
Lange et al., 1976 Histology (20 µm paraffin) 50 24–99 139l M
Füssenich, 1967 Histology (20 µm paraffin) 70 58–91 64 M
von Bonin and Shariff, 1951 Histology n/g n/g 157 M
a

Volume calculation is based on average mask of raters.

b

AC‐PC native space.

c

Proportion of the entire brain volume.

d

Volume calculation is based on conjuction mask of raters.

e

Average of left and right STN volumes.

f

Average of male and female STN volumes including both hemispheres.

g

Average of volumes obtained from axial, coronal, and sagittal models.

h

Recalculation of Schäfer et al. [2012].

i

Recalculation of Marani et al. [2008].

j

Given total STN volume of both hemispheres divided by 2.

k

Approximated by Nowinski et al. [2005].

l

Average of male and female STN volumes; A—“automatic”: segmentation is fully based on a computer software without manual segmentation as a part of the process; M—“manual”: no computer software was involved in the segmentation process and in volume calculating; MRI—magnetic resonance imaging; n/g—not given; NURBS—Nonuniform Rational B‐Splines; SA—“semiautomatic”: segmentation is done manually and a computer software (e.g., Neurolucida, Image J) was used to calculate the volume.