Table 1.

Demographic, clinical, and lesion characteristics for stroke patients

Patient	Age (years)	Education (years)	Handednessa	Time postonset	Aphasia type	Lesion volumeb	% of left cortex damaged	Lesion locationc
P1	47	18	Right	4 years 1 month	Nonfluent/agrammatic/(moderate Broca's)	34,032	5.07	L postcentral, BA47, insula, LSMG, LSTG, LMTG, LITG, L temporal pole
P2d	67	21	Right	15 years 5 months	Nonfluent (severe Broca's)	169,128	22.53	Left postcentral, left precentral, LSFG, LMFG, BA44, BA45, BA 47, L insula, L STG, L temporal pole, L LMTG, LITG, FUS, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, LBG
P3	70	24	Right	1 year	Mild anomia	4904	Subcortical lesion	Basal ganglia
P4	75	15	Right	2 years 4 months	Conduction	34,440	4.20	Left precuneus, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, LSTG, LMTG, LITG
P5	79	10	Right	2 years 1 month	Mild nonfluent/expressive aphasia	37,896	4.80	Left postcentral, left precentral, BA44, insula, LSTG, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, precuneus
P6	46	15	Right	2 years 3 months	Mild anomia/conduction	33,904	4.84	BA 47, left insula, LSTG, LMTG, LITG, left temporal pole, LSMG, LAG, basal ganglia
P7	62	16	Right	1 year 2 months	Conduction/anomia	53,456	6.92	L insula, LSTG, LMTG, LITG, left temporal pole, LFUS, LSMG, LAG
P8	84	19	Right	10 years	Mild anomia	3,176	Subcortical lesion	Basal ganglia
P9	73	19	Left	5 years 8 months	Mild anomia	27,440	4.09	LSTG, LMTG, LITG, left temporal pole, LSPL, LSMG, LAG
P10	77	20	Right	7 months	Severe Wernicke's	23,648	2.81	LSTG, LMTG, LSMG, LAG
P11	66	20	Right	5 years 3 months	Conduction	78,616	9.59	Left postcentral, LSTG, LMTG, LITG, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, precuneus, basal ganglia
P12	58	14	Right	1 year 1 month	Nonfluent, expressive (severe Broca's)	148,904	19.32	Left postcentral, left precentral, LSFG, LMFG, BA44, BA45, BA47, LSTG, LMTG, left temporal pole, LIFG, L insula, LSMG, LAG, basal ganglia
P13	46	16	Right	4 years	Nonfluent (moderate Broca's)	101,584	12.71	Left postcentral, left precentral, LSFG, LMFG, BA44, BA45, BA47, L insula, left temporal pole, LSMG, basal ganglia
P14	57	12	Right	2 years	Nonfluent/expressive (severe Broca's)	146,160	20.31	Left postcentral, left precentral, LSFG, LMFG, BA44, BA45, BA47, L insula, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, LSTG, LMTG, left temporal pole
P15d	65	20	Right	6 years 1 month	Nonfluent/expressive (severe Broca's)	158,936	21.96	Left postcentral, left precentral, LSFG, LMFG, BA44, BA45, BA47, L insula, LFUS, LSPL, LSTG, LMTG, LITG, left temporal pole, LSMG, LAG, left precuneus, basal ganglia
P16	68	13	Right	3 years 3 months	Mild anomia	22,152	3.24	Left postcentral, left precueneus, LSPL, LSMG, LAG
P17	60	14	Right	8 years 8 months	Mild conduction	103,896	14.89	Left precentral, LSFG, LMFG, BA44, BA45, LSMA, L insula, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, left precuneus, LSTG, LMTG
P18	69	15	Right	1 year	Moderate nonfluent, anomia	9,104	0.0013	Left basal ganglia
P19	68	14	Right	4 years 7 months	Mild anomia	54,192	6.67	Left precentral, left insula, LSPL, LSMG, LAG, LMTG
	65.11	16.58		4.26
	10.86	3.56		3.89

^aHandedness assessed using Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.

^bVolume of lesioned voxels in microliters.

^cROIs defined using the macroanatomical cortical parcellation of Tzourio‐Mazoyer et al. [2002], implemented in AFNI as the Macrolabel atlas.

^dParticipants P2 and P15 lost reading ability after stroke and could not perform the MEG sentence comprehension task.