Table 2.
Neuropsychological test scores obtained by Parkinson's disease patients and control subjects
| Controls (n = 19) | VH‐n (n = 12) | VH‐p (n = 9) | P value | P value | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls vs. VH‐n | Controls vs. VH‐p | VH‐n vs. VH‐p | ||||
| MMSE | 29.1 (1.2) | 25.9 (2.7) | 27 (1.7) | <0.0005 | 0.03 | 0.53 |
| IDDD | – | 36.6 (4) | 36.3 (4.1) | – | – | 0.52 |
| Attention domain | ||||||
| Digitsa | 11.8 (2.2) | 10.5 (2.6) | 11.5 (2.1) | 0.8 | 1 | 0.23 |
| TMTAa | 64.7 (27.1) | 91.5 (39.5) | 82.8 (39.6) | 0.15 | 0.66 | 1 |
| SW | 49.8 (6.7) | 33.8 (7.6) | 39.9 (9) | <0.00001 | 0.01 | 0.38 |
| SC | 43 (6.9) | 31.4 (5.6) | 35.4 (10) | 0.001 | 0.06 | 1 |
| Executive function domain | ||||||
| Phonemic fluency (60 seconds)a | 15 (5.3) | 7.8 (4.8) | 10.4 (4.1) | 0.001 | 0.09 | 1 |
| SWC | 46 (6.8) | 36.8 (9.3) | 38.9(8) | 0.014 | 0.12 | 1 |
| RPM | 27.4 (4.4) | 19 (3.8) | 22.5 (6.1) | <0.0005 | 0.06 | 0.51 |
| TMTBa | 139.2 (63.5) | 240 (65) | 234 (74.9) | 0.001 | 0.004 | 1 |
| Memory domain | ||||||
| Cerad Word delayed recalla | 5.7 (1.4) | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.1 (1.3) | <0.000005 | <0.00005 | 1 |
| Cerad Word Recognition | 9 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.8) | 0.56 | <0.01 | 1 |
| FCSRT total recalla | 46.9 (1.3) | 46.2 (3.6) | 45.6 (2.1) | 1 | 0.41 | 1 |
| Recall of figurea | 6.5 (3.1) | 2.7 (3.2) | 4.5 (2.3) | 0.006 | 0.36 | 0.43 |
| Language domain | ||||||
| Bostona | 51 (5.4) | 39.4 (7.2) | 47.1 (5.9) | <0.0001 | 0.39 | 0.026 |
| Semantic fluency (60 seconds)a | 18.6 (4.6) | 10.9 (3.1) | 12.9 (5.6) | <0.0005 | 0.01 | 0.82 |
| Visuospatial function domain | ||||||
| Copy of figurea, b | 9.89 (0.5) | 9.7 (4) | 9.6 (0.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Copy of intersecting pentagonsa, c | 2: 19 (100%) | 2:7 (58.3%) | 2:5(55.6%) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.42 |
| 1:4(33.3%) | 1:1(11.1%) | |||||
| 0:1 (8.3%) | 0:2(22.2%) | |||||
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or number (frequency).
VH‐n (VH‐negative): Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment without visual hallucinations; VH‐p (VH‐positive): Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment with visual hallucinations.
MMSE: Mini‐Mental State Examination; IDDD: Interview for daily living activities; TMT‐A: Trail Making Test A; SW: Stroop Words; SC: Stroop Colors; SWC: Stroop Words‐Colors; RPM: Raven Progressive Matrices; TMT‐B: Trail Making Test B; FCSRT: Free and Cue Selective Reminding test; Boston: Boston Naming Test; ns: non‐significant.
Test used for the diagnosis of MCI following MDS level II guidelines.
Copy and delayed recall of the most complex figure from the two simple figures of Massachusetts General Hospital (Sala et al., 2008).
Copy of intersecting pentagon is represented by frequency of presentation of each score because of its short range. Scoring was performed using a 0–2 rating scale in which 2 points indicated that all 10 angles were present and the 2 pentagons were intersecting, 1 point indicated that the two intersecting figures were present and one of them had 5 angles, and 0 indicating a poorer performance than the first two cases (Ala et al., 2001).