Table 2.
Study characteristics: bipolar disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, and ADHD
| Study | Diagnosis | Region(s)a | N (Pt/control) | Age (SD) | Female (%) | Meds (%, period) | Field strength (T) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BIPOLAR DISORDER | |||||||
| Wang 2006 |
5 BD‐I, 9 BD‐II, 1 BD‐NOS (Eu: 8, D: 7) 9 BD‐I, 7 BD‐II (Eu: 10, D: 3, I/H: 3) |
mPFC OCC |
21 (15/6)b 22 (16/6)b |
37 (14) 34 (12) |
48 64 |
40 75 |
3 |
| Kaufman 2009 | BD (Eu: 10, D: 2, M: 1) |
Basal ganglia Whole brain |
24 (13/11) | 41 (13) | 38 | 100 | 4 |
| Brady 2013 | BD‐I (Eu: all) |
ACC POC |
28 (14/14) | 35 (12) | 36 | 86 | 4 |
| Bhagwagar 2007 | BD‐I (Eu: all) | OCC | 34 (16/18) | 37 (14) | 56 | 0 (3 mo) | 3 |
| PANIC DISORDER | |||||||
| Long 2013 | PD |
mPFC OCC |
19 (11/8) | 39 (12) | 47 | 0 (4 wk) | 3 |
| Goddard 2001 | PD | OCC | 28 (14/14) | 36 (8) | 57 | 0 (1 wk) | 2.1 |
| Hasler 2009 | PD |
dm/daPFC vmPFC |
34 (17/17) | 35 (11) | 69 | 0 (3 mo) | 3 |
| PTSD | |||||||
| Rosso 2014 | PTSD |
ACC Insula (R) |
26 (13/13) | 33 (12) | 46 | 8 | 4 |
| Michels 2014 | PTSD |
ACC dlPFC (L) |
29 (12/17c) | 40 (13) | 93 | 33 | 3 |
| Pennington 2014 | PTSD |
Temp ACC POC (R) |
40 (28/12)d 43 (31/12)d 49 (33/16)d |
36 (11)e | 0 | 0 (2 wk) | 4 |
| ADHD | |||||||
| Edden 2012 | ADHD: 10 C, 3 IA | PMC (L) | 32 (13/19) | 10 (NAf) | 28 | 0 (1 day) | 3 |
| Bollmann Children 2015 | ADHD | Basal ganglia (L) | 35 (16/19) | 11 (2) | 43 | 0 (3 days) | 3 |
| Ende 2015 | ADHD | ACC | 52 (22/30) | 29 (7) | 100 | 0 (2 wk) | 3 |
| Bollmann Adults 2015 | ADHD |
Basal ganglia (L) dlPFC (L) |
54 (16/38) | 34 (10) | 50 | 0 (3 days) | 3 |
BD(‐I/‐II/‐NOS), bipolar disorder type 1/type 2/not otherwise specified; Eu, euthymic; D, depressed; I/H, irritable/hypomanic; PD, panic disorder; M, manic; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; C, combined type; IA, predominantly inattentive type; (v)mPFC, (ventro)medial prefrontal cortex; OCC, occipital cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; POC, parieto‐occipital cortex; dm/daPFC, dorsomedial/dorsal anterolateral prefrontal cortex (region partly overlaps with vmPFC in the same study); R, right; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; L, left; Temp, temporal cortex; PMC, primary motor cortex; Pt, patients; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; NA, not available; Meds, psychoactive medication use; mo, months; wk, weeks; T, Tesla.
Region is midline unless otherwise specified.
No overlap between the two samples.
Healthy controls were trauma‐exposed.
Also PTSD patients with comorbid alcohol abuse disorder.
Mean of total sample, differs per region.
Range 8.4–12.8 years old.