Table 1.
Descriptive statistics.
| Variables | Mean | S.D. | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key Independent Variable | ||||
| Arrest | 0.270 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Outcome Variables: Life Failures | ||||
| Number of Jobs | 3.223 | 2.107 | 0 | 10 |
| Number of Times Fired | 0.424 | 0.755 | 0 | 3 |
| Working 10+ hrs/week | 0.827 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Repeated a Grade (W1) | 0.195 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| High School Dropout | 0.067 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Ever Married | 0.505 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Marriage Ended | 0.041 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Any STD | 0.233 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Alcoholism | 0.300 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Key Confounding Variables | ||||
| Low Self-Control (W1) | 28.036 | 7.450 | 0 | 72 |
| IQ (W1) | 101.476 | 14.086 | 14 | 146 |
| Control Variables | ||||
| Drug Use (W1) | 1.573 | 1.384 | 0 | 6 |
| Delinquency (W1) | 4.307 | 5.234 | 0 | 47 |
| Criminal Behavior | 0.384 | 1.273 | 0 | 20 |
| Concentrated Disadvantage | −0.034 | 0.888 | −1.492 | 5.749 |
| Age | 28.526 | 1.751 | 24 | 34 |
| Male | 0.452 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| White | 0.650 | -- | 0 | 1 |
| Black | 0.214 | -- | 0 | 1 |
Note: All variables are measured at wave 4 unless otherwise indicated.
N = 12,589.