Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of 2269 patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB.
| Characteristics | Total of patients (%) | MDR-TB (%) | XDR-TB (%) | p-value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2269 | N = 2129 | N = 140 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 803 (35.4) | 758 (35.6) | 45 (35.4) | 0.407 |
| Male | 1466 (64.4) | 1371 (64.4) | 95 (67.9) | |
| Age Range | ||||
| 0–24 | 345 (15.2) | 329 (15.5) | 16 (11.4) | 0.310 |
| 25–44 | 1126 (49.6) | 1047 (49.2) | 79 (56.4) | |
| 45–64 | 715 (31.5) | 676 (31.8) | 39 (27.9) | |
| ≥65 | 83 (3.7) | 77 (3.6) | 6 (4.3) | |
| Ethnical group | ||||
| Caucasian | 816 (36.0) | 762 (35.8) | 54 (38.6) | 0.484 |
| Afro-Brazilian | 1372 (60.5) | 1290 (60.6) | 82 (58.6) | |
| Unknown | 81 (3.5) | 77 (3.6) | 4 (2.8) | |
| Years of study | ||||
| None | 113 (5.0) | 109 (5.1) | 4 (2.9) | 0.221 |
| 1 a 3 | 430 (19.0) | 405 (19.0) | 25 (17.9) | |
| 4 a 7 | 879 (38.7) | 828 (38.9) | 51 (36.4) | |
| 8 a 11 | 491 (21.6) | 450 (21.1) | 41 (29.3) | |
| ≥12 | 166 (7.3) | 155 (7.3) | 11 (7.9) | |
| Unknown | 190 (8.4) | 182 (8.6) | 8 (5.7) | |
| Site of disease | ||||
| Extrapulmonary | 20 (0.9) | 20 (0.9) | 0 | 0.403 |
| Pulmonary | 2218 (97.7) | 2079 (97.7) | 139 (99.3) | |
| Both | 31 (1.4) | 30 (1.4) | 1 (0.8) | |
| HIV status (n = 2103) | ||||
| Negative | 1936 (92.1) | 1826 (92.2) | 110 (90.1) | 0.425 |
| Positive | 167 (7.9) | 155 (7.8) | 12 (9.8) | |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 219 (9.6) | 200 (9.4) | 19 (13.5) | 0.105 |
| Alcohol abuse | 269 (11.9) | 257 (12.1) | 12 (8.6) | 0.215 |
| Drug use | 179 (7.9) | 167 (7.8) | 12 (8.6) | 0.757 |
| Smoking | 188 (8.3) | 175 (8.2) | 13 (9.3) | 0.658 |
| Prisoner | 36 (1.6) | 36 (1.7) | 0 | 0.121 |
| Unemployed | 373 (16.4) | 344 (16.2) | 29 (20.7) | 0.159 |
| Comorbidities† | 247 (11.7) | 229 (11.6) | 18 (14.1) | 0.391 |
| Chest radiography (n = 2191) | ||||
| Cavitation | 1772 (80.9) | 1652 (80.4) | 120 (88.2) | 0.024 |
| Bilateral | 1648 (75.3) | 1531 (74.6) | 117 (86.0) | 0.003 |
| Resistance type | ||||
| Primary | 334 (14.7) | 324 (15.2) | 10 (7.1) | 0.009 |
| Acquired | 1935 (85.3) | 1805 (84.8) | 130 (92.9) | |
| Previous MDR-TB treatments | ||||
| No | 1744 (76.9) | 1703 (80.0) | 41 (29.3) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 525 (23.1) | 426 (20.0) | 99 (70.7) |
TB = tuberculosis; MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant TB; XDR-TB = extensively drug-resistant TB
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus.
*Comparison between MDR/XDR-TB.
† Except Diabetes and HIV.