Table 4. Prevalence of students reporting engaging in risk behaviors by mode and Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR).
| ESPAD®Italy 2015: Comparison study (P&P vs computerized administration mode) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitive behaviors | P&P vs Computerized (P&P is referent) | ||||||
| P&P (%) | Computerized (%) | Adjusted OR* |
CI 95% | Wald (df) | p-value | ||
| N = 784 | N = 771 | ||||||
| Lifetime cigarette use | 59.3 | 57.8 | 0.95 | 0.79 | 1.14 | 0.3 (1) | 0.62 |
| Lifetime alcohol use | 88.4 | 84.1 | 0.80 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 3.9 (1) | 0.05 |
| Last year alcohol use | 82.1 | 76.3 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.96 | 5.5 (1) | 0.02 |
| Last month alcohol use | 62.3 | 58.0 | 0.87 | 0.72 | 1.05 | 2.1 (1) | 0.15 |
| Binge drinking during last month | 36.0 | 39.6 | 1.18 | 0.96 | 1.44 | 2.5 (1) | 0.11 |
| Lifetime intoxication from drinking alcohol | 45.4 | 41.2 | 0.86 | 0.71 | 1.04 | 2.5 (1) | 0.14 |
| Last year intoxication from drinking alcohol | 34.3 | 31.1 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 1.07 | 1.7 (1) | 0.19 |
| Last month intoxication from drinking alcohol | 15.5 | 14.2 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 1.19 | 0.5 (1) | 0.46 |
| Lifetime cannabis use | 34.5 | 31.2 | 0.88 | 0.71 | 1.09 | 1.3 (1) | 0.25 |
| Last year cannabis use | 28.2 | 26.1 | 0.92 | 0.74 | 1.16 | 0.5 (1) | 0.49 |
| Last month cannabis use | 18.3 | 16.4 | 0.89 | 0.68 | 1.17 | 0.7 (1) | 0.39 |
| Lifetime ecstasy use | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.89 | 0.47 | 1.68 | 0.1 (1) | 0.72 |
| Last year ecstasy use | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.73 | 0.35 | 1.49 | 0.7 (1) | 0.39 |
| Lifetime amphetamines use | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 2.09 | 0.0 (1) | 0.99 |
| Last year amphetamines use | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 2.23 | 0.0 (1) | 0.98 |
| Lifetime methamphetamines use | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.71 | 0.34 | 1.53 | 0.8 (1) | 0.39 |
| Last year methamphetamines use | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 1.63 | 0.7 (1) | 0.40 |
| Lifetime cocaine use | 3.1 | 2.6 | 0.90 | 0.49 | 1.65 | 0.1 (1) | 0.73 |
| Last year cocaine use | 2.6 | 2.4 | 0.99 | 0.52 | 1.90 | 0.0 (1) | 0.98 |
| Lifetime crack use | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.57 | 0.26 | 1.22 | 2.1 (1) | 0.15 |
| Last year crack use | 2.2 | 0.9 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 1.07 | 3.3 (1) | 0.07 |
| Lifetime inhalants use | 3.1 | 2.9 | 0.98 | 0.54 | 1.77 | 0.0 (1) | 0.94 |
| Last year inhalants use | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 1.63 | 0.7 (1) | 0.40 |
| Last month inhalants use | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.55 | 0.21 | 1.49 | 1.4 (1) | 0.24 |
| Lifetime tranquillizers or sedatives (without a doctor’s prescription) use | 4.7 | 5.1 | 1.05 | 0.66 | 1.66 | 0.0 (1) | 0.85 |
| Lifetime LSD or some other hallucinogens use | 3.1 | 2.0 | 0.67 | 0.35 | 1.28 | 1.5 (1) | 0.22 |
| Lifetime heroin use | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.88 | 0.36 | 2.14 | 0.1 (1) | 0.78 |
| Lifetime magic mushrooms use | 3.1 | 1.8 | 0.64 | 0.33 | 1.25 | 1.7 (1) | 0.19 |
| Lifetime GHB use | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 1.64 | 1.3 (1) | 0.26 |
| Lifetime anabolic steroids use | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.68 | 0.31 | 1.52 | 0.9 (1) | 0.35 |
| Lifetime use of alcohol together with pills (medicaments) in order to get high | 3.3 | 2.6 | 0.79 | 0.44 | 1.43 | 0.6 (1) | 0.44 |
| Lifetime energy drink use | 56.3 | 55.6 | 1.02 | 0.83 | 1.25 | 0.0 (1) | 0.85 |
| Last year energy drink use | 43.0 | 39.8 | 0.92 | 0.74 | 1.14 | 0.5 (1) | 0.46 |
| Last month energy drink use | 28.7 | 27.2 | 0.98 | 0.77 | 1.24 | 0.0 (1) | 0.84 |
| Lifetime use of energy drinks and alcohol during a single session | 34.4 | 34.1 | 1.03 | 0.83 | 1.29 | 0.1 (1) | 0.76 |
| Last year use of energy drinks and alcohol during a single session | 27.8 | 26.2 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 1.23 | 0.1 (1) | 0.77 |
| Last month use of energy drinks and alcohol during a single session | 17.2 | 17.0 | 1.04 | 0.79 | 1.37 | 0.1 (1) | 0.81 |
| Lifetime use of cigarette, alcohol or any illicit drug | 92.5 | 90.0 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 1.05 | 2.5 (1) | 0.11 |
* Adjusted for gender and age