Figure 2.

Stimulus unpredictability and uncertainty distributions. Using formal mathematical modeling of musical unpredictability and uncertainty, we developed 55 stimuli, all excerpts of real, precomposed music, that varied across quantifiably wide ranges of mDW-Ent (i.e., the average entropy of all notes in a stimulus weighted by their durations) and mDW-IC (i.e., the average IC of all notes in a stimulus weighted by their durations). We standardized these measures with z scores to compare them, and so the standardized mDW-Ent and standardized mDW-IC are shown here. These features were positively correlated (Pearson's r = 0.44, p < 0.001).