Table 2.

Descriptions of goal-directed behavioral codes.

Goal	Definition
Security seeking	Infant sought comfort or security
Social avoidance	Infant avoided engaging with the experimenter in any way
Information seeking	Infant sought more information about the situation
Prosocial behavior	Infant tried to help the experimenter in some way
Exploration	Infant handled the stimulus in order to learn more about it
Relaxed play	Infant engaged in a playful manner with experimenter, or behavior seems unaffected by emotional display