TABLE 3.

Past vs. present weekly participation in productive activities among adults 65 years of age and older.

Specific activity	Past Mean (SD)	Present Mean (SD)	F-statistic df (1, 53)	p-value	${\text{η}}_{\text{p}}^2$
Volunteer work∗	2.20 (0.96)	1.94 (0.96)	4.77	0.033	0.082
Light housework	3.24 (0.87)	3.33 (0.91)	0.38	0.540	0.007
Care for others∗	2.04 (1.22)	1.72 (1.00)	4.34	0.042	0.076
Educational activities	1.65 (0.91)	1.78 (1.00)	1.60	0.212	0.029
Playing a musical instrument	1.35 (0.87)	1.39 (0.92)	0.16	0.687	0.003
Full- or part-time paid employment∗	1.63 (1.14)	1.11 (0.50)	12.94	0.001	0.196
Home repairs∗	1.87 (0.91)	1.63 (0.81)	10.45	0.002	0.165
Heavy housework∗	2.31 (0.87)	1.89 (0.93)	11.00	0.002	0.172
Service, club, or fraternal organization activities	1.59 (0.86)	1.70 (0.92)	1.13	0.293	0.021

Weekly participation is based on a four-point Likert scale (1 = never [0 times], 2 = seldom [1–2 times], 3 = sometimes [3–4 times], 4 = often [5–7 times]). ^∗p ≤ 0.05.