Table 3.
Extracellular (EC) secondary metabolites including naphthoquinone pigments (expressed in volumetric production in meqv L−1 of culture broth) extracted by pressured liquid extraction from the 7-day-old fermentation broth (culture supernatant) of the Fusarium oxysporum LCP531 strain grown either in DMD or PDB broth, according to the polarity index of the extraction solvent
| Compound no | Colour | λmax in visible (in nm) | m/z [M+H]+ (in g mol−1) | Extraction solvent (amount of the metabolites in each extract) | Total amount extracted from mycelium (in meqv L−1 of culture broth) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 50% MeOH | 50% EtOH | MeOH | MeOH/EtOH | EtOH | |||||
| Solvent polarity index: | 10.0 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 | ||||
| Culture supernatant from DMD | ||||||||||
| Bikaverin 1 | Red | 507 | 383 | < 0.1 | 34.6 ± 2.1 | 9.6 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 55.1 ± 4.4 |
| Norbikaverin 2 | Red | 509 | 369 | < 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 12.3 ± 1.4 |
| Oxo-pre-bikaverin 3 | Yellow | 382, 441 | 339 | < 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.7 |
| Me-oxo-pre-bikaverin 4 | Yellow | 376, 440 | 353 | < 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.7 |
| Dinor-bikaverin 5 | Yellow | 457 | 357 | < 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.3 |
| Pre-bikaverin 6 | Yellow | 438 | 323 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| Pigment ni 7b | Purple | 496, 523 | nd | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
| Pigment ni 8 | Yellow | 430 | nd | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| Total pigments extracted (in meqv L−1 culture broth) | < 0.1 | 43.4 ± 3.0 | 15.1 ± 1.7 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 73.7 ± 8.2 | |||
| > Other extrolites extracted | ||||||||||
| Beauvericin | – | 784 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Ergosterol derivate | – | 393 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Others (ni) | – | nd | 12.3 ± 1.0 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 12.3 ± 1.0 | |
| Culture supernatant from PDB | ||||||||||
| Bikaverin 1 | Red | 507 | 383 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.5 |
| Norbikaverin 2 | Red | 509 | 369 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.3 |
| Oxo-pre-bikaverin 3 | Yellow | 382, 441 | 339 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 8.9 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 13.3 ± 1.7 |
| Me-oxo-pre-bikaverin 4 | Yellow | 376, 440 | 353 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 15.3 ± 2.1 |
| Dinor-bikaverin 5 | Yellow | 457 | 357 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | < 0.1 | 5.5 ± 1.2 |
| Pre-bikaverin 6 | Yellow | 438 | 323 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 |
| Pigment ni 7a | Yellow | 376, 437 | nd | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
| Pigment ni 8 | Yellow | 430 | nd | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.5 |
| Total pigments extracted (in meqv L−1 culture broth) | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 20.7 ± 1.8 | 8.4 ± 1.4 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 37.9 ± 6.5 | |||
| > Other extrolites extracted | ||||||||||
| Beauvericin | – | 784 | 39.1 ± 2.1 | 47.2 ± 2.5 | 10.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | 97.1 ± 5.2 | |
| Ergosterol derivate | – | 393 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Others (ni) | – | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |