TABLE 5.

Moderating effect of cultural adaptability on the relation between optimism and positive emotion.

Variable	Positive emotion
	First model	Second model	Third model	Fourth model
Step 1: control variables
Gender	–0.160∗∗∗	–0.139∗∗∗	–0.143∗∗∗	–0.142∗∗∗
Grade	0.029	0.014	0.013	0.011
Home location	0.013	0.028	0.030	0.031
Surrounding people	0.018	0.029	0.026	0.020
Step 2: independent variables
Optimistic tendency		0.095∗	0.102∗	–0.096
Pessimistic tendency		–0.127∗∗∗	–0.135∗∗∗	–0.288∗∗
Self-efficacy optimism		0.496∗∗∗	0.496∗∗∗	0.566∗∗∗
Step 3: regulatory variables
cultural adaptability			0.233∗∗∗	−0.387∗
Step 4: independent variable∗ regulatory variables
Optimistic tendency∗ cultural adaptability				0.085
Pessimistic tendency∗ cultural adaptability				0.069
Self-efficacy optimism∗ cultural adaptability				–0.031
F	5.927∗∗∗	39.662∗∗∗	35.478∗∗∗	27.122∗∗∗
R2	0.029	0.242	0.244	0.248
ΔR2	0.029	0.213∗∗∗	0.001	0.004

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.