Table 2.

Visibility of smoking in different locations, stratified by smoking status.

(Smoking inequalities: learning from natural experiments–realist survey, Europe, 2016/17)

Smoking visibility (%)	Total	Ever smokers	Never smokers
At home
Yes	35.8	50.0	28.3
No	62.9	48.3	70.6
Never goes here	1.3	1.7	1.1
At a friend’s home
Yes	43.4	66.7	31.0
No	53.9	31.5	65.8
Never goes here	2.7	1.8	3.2
At a bar or club
Yes	59.3	73.2	52.0
No	14.2	10.6	16.1
Never goes here	26.5	16.2	31.9
At restaurants
Yes	55.4	58.4	53.7
No	41.0	38.1	42.6
Never goes here	3.6	3.5	3.5
At a train or bus station
Yes	83.7	87.0	83.4
No	9.3	8.0	10.0
Never goes here	6.0	5.0	6.6
At leisure/sports facilities
Yes	35.4	39.0	33.4
No	55.6	50.8	58.2
Never goes here	9.0	10.2	8.4
At least one private spacea
Yes	56.4	77.6	45.1
No	43.6	22.4	54.9
At least one public spaceb
Yes	95.1	97.4	93.8
No	4.9	2.6	6.2

^aPrivate spaces include home and friend’s home

^bPublic spaces include a bar or club, restaurants, a train or bus station, and leisure/sports facilities