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. 2019 Nov 20;9:17158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53466-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate reduces IL-1β -mediated increases in IL-1β and TNFα mRNA in human astroglia. Human astroglia were exposed to TDF (200 ng/ml), recombinant gp120 (100 ng/ml), or IL-1β (20 ng/ml) for 6 hours and then RNA was isolated. (a) Fold-change of TNFα mRNA normalized to ACTB mRNA. (b) Fold-change of IL-1β mRNA normalized to ACTB mRNA. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (n = 3/group).