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. 2019 Nov 20;9:17153. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53156-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Solution-state two-dimensional short range ¹H–¹³C correlation (HSQC) NMR analysis of dioxane-soluble lignin samples prepared from mature culm tissues of wild-type (WT) and cad2 mutant rice plants. (a) Aromatic sub-regions showing signals from major lignin aromatic units. (b) Oxygenated aliphatic sub-regions showing signals from major lignin side-chain units. (c) Aldehyde sub-regions showing signals from aldehyde units. Contours are color-coded to match the displayed structures. Boxes labelled ×2 and ×4 represent regions with scale vertically enlarged by 2- and 4-folds, respectively. Volume integration data are listed in Table 1. For signal assignments, see Tables S3 and S4 in Supplementary Information.