Table 2.

Details of the system parameters

Property			Symbol	Value
Membrane surface area			${\mathcal{L}}^2$	0.25 mm2
Mass of each membrane vertex			mv	5.5 × 10−19 g
Number of links			NLk	7699
Number of membrane vertices			Nv	2702
Receptor length			${\mathcal{L}}_{\text{r}}$	19 nm
Number of receptors			Nr	2000
Antigen flexural rigidity			kf	7000 pN nm2
Number of ligands per NP			Nl	162
Ligand length			${\mathcal{L}}_1$	15 nm
Bending rigidity			κ	20kBT
Free energy of binding per receptor–ligand bond			ΔG0	−7.98 × 10−20 J
Flexible NP		Symbol		Value
Bead radius		a		6.8 nm
Bead mass		mb		1.44 × 10−19 g
Number of beads in an arm		Nb		4
Number of arms attached to a core		f		25
Molecular weight of dextran monomer		Mmonomer		160 Da
Molecular weight of dextran polymer		Mpolymer		71 kDa
Size of each Kuhn segment		bk		0.44 nm
Size of monomer		b		1.5 nm
Number of monomers per bead		N		108
Number of Kuhn segments per bead		Nk		246
Stiffness of spring between beads		ks		1.74329 × 10−4 J m−2
Rigid NP	Symbol			Value
Radius	Rrigid			50 nm
Stiffness	krigid			1 J m−2
Rigid-tethered NP	Symbol			Value
Radius	Rrigid-tethered			50 nm
Stiffness of the tether	kt			3.3 × 10−4 J m−2