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. 2019 Nov 20;9:17207. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53627-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Treatment with A_2AR antagonist reduces retinal vascular leakage in diabetic mice. (A) Fluorescein angiography was performed after intraperitoneal injection of 5% fluorescein in control and diabetic non-treated animals or treated with the A_2AR antagonist. Images were acquired with the Micron IV (Phoenix Technology) in equivalent time frames. The images represent the distribution of fluorescein across the retina, acquired 30 seconds, 180 seconds, 300 seconds and 480 seconds after injection. (B) The images were classified for the presence or absence of extravasation of fluorescein by 3 independent researchers and the frequency of retinas with and without fluorescein leakage was expressed in percentage of total animals. (C) Permeability coefficient obtained by the quantification of the fluorescence between a major vessel and the interstitial space over time. The area under the curve (AUC) of the permeability coefficient is presented in the graph insert for the different experimental conditions. Permeability coefficient was analyzed with two-way ANOVA using Fisher’s LSD test.