Table 1.
Population information and summary statistics for floral traits in 14 populations belonging to two species of the D. scandens complex
| Population | Code | Country | Latitude | Longitude | Herkogamy (mm) ± s.e. | Autofertility (%) | Protogyny | Bisexual phase | Second female phase | Seed maturation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large-glanded species | ||||||||||
| La Mancha* | LM | Mexico | 19°37' | 96°28' | 3.65 ± 0.29 | 68.5 a | 3.00 (0.72) | 4.67 (0.64) | 2.79 (3.00) | 43.67 (2.27) |
| Puerto Morelos† | PM | Mexico | 20°51' | 86°53' | 5.21 ± 0.28 | 16.6b | 2.36 (0.95) | 4.86 (0.83) | 5.82 (4.53) | 36.73 (1.56) |
| Tulum ‡ | TUL | Mexico | 20°13' | 87°26' | 3.81 ± 0.19 | 6.9 b | 1.91 (1.24) | 5.22 (0.42) | 4.13 (2.56) | 39.30 (2.31) |
| Tulum* | T | Mexico | 20°12' | 87°27' | 4.84 ± 0.24 | 9.6c | 3.05 (0.76) | 5.50 (0.83) | 4.35 (4.33) | 35.60 (3.17) |
| Ciudad del Carmen* | CC | Mexico | 18°56' | 91°18' | 4.30 ± 0.32 | 24.9a | 2.45 (1.00) | 4.55 (0.69) | 3.80 (2.46) | 37.30 (1.25) |
| Martinez de la Torre* | M | Mexico | 20°05' | 97°01' | 4.96 ± 0.47 | 3.32 (1.04) | 4.68 (0.89) | 5.23 (4.10) | 38.09 (1.87) | |
| Comalcalco* | C | Mexico | 18°21' | 93°20' | 4.86 ± 0.32 | 2.90 (0.85) | 4.90 (0.85) | 6.95 (3.39) | 36.40 (3.17) | |
| Palo Verde A‡ | S8 | Costa Rica | 10°23' | 85°19' | 5.31 ± 0.08 | 2.63 (0.74) | 5.38 (0.74) | 1.50 (0.93) | 62.00 (19.10) | |
| Punta Cacique‡ | S11 | Costa Rica | 10°34' | 85°41' | 4.25 ± 0.13 | 2.45 (0.94) | 6.26 (1.05) | 0.89 (1.05) | 55.40 (4.58) | |
| Species mean | 4.48 ± 0.11 | 2.68 (1.02) | 5.07 (0.92) | 4.12 (3.68) | 41.31 (8.65) | |||||
| Small-glanded species | ||||||||||
| Rincon de la Vieja‡ | S23 | Costa Rica | 10°46' | 85°20' | 0.59 ± 0.21 | 2.54 (0.58) | 4.85 (0.73) | 4.08 (2.52) | 34.46 (1.20) | |
| Martinique§ | SM (1–6) | Martinique (France) | 14°64' | 61°00' | 0.84 ± 0.48 | 2.05 (0.94) | 4.30 (0.66) | 4.60 (3.33) | 32.10 (1.66) | |
| Valladolid* | V | Mexico | 20°42' | 88°15' | 1.21 ± 0.32 | 90 b | 2.90 (0.79) | 4.10 (0.72) | 2.10 (2.25) | 28.90 (1.45) |
| Cozumel* | CO | Mexico | 20°22' | 86°59' | 2.73 ± 0.45 | 52.1b | 3.26 (1.00) | 4.15 (0.93) | 1.85 (1.31) | 30.80 (2.04) |
| Tovar† | TOV | Venezuela | 8°21' | 71°46' | 2.63 ± 0.46 | 65.6c | 3.00 (0.65) | 3.65 (0.67) | 1.05 (0.60) | 29.30 (0.82) |
| Species mean | 1.50 ± 0.21 | 2.73 (0.88) | 4.25 (0.84) | 2.80 (2.58) | 31.10 (2.46) | |||||
Species means are presented separately for the large-glanded and the small-glanded species. Geographic information refers to the source populations of our experimental greenhouse populations. Herkogamy was measured as the average anther–stigma distance within each population. The autofertility estimates describe the percentage of seeds set after autonomous self-fertilization in the absence of pollinators. The durations of the female phase (protogyny), the bisexual phase, the second female phase and seed maturation are given in days with the s.d. in parentheses. Total blossom life span is the sum of the female phase (protogyny), bisexual phase and second female phase. Populations included in the second part of this study are in bold.
*Populations were sampled in 2007 and belong to the second greenhouse generation.
†Populations were sampled in 1997 and belong to the fourth and fifth greenhouse generation.
‡Populations were sampled in 2014 and belong to the second greenhouse generation.
§Populations were sampled in 2016 and belong to the second greenhouse generation.
Autofertility estimates are from aOpedal et al. (2015), bOpedal et al. (2016a) and cBengtsson (2010).