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. 2019 May 3;124(5):777–790. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcz061

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 3. — Structural characteristics of stems in five con-familiar pairs of liana/shrub species. (A–C) Specific stem length (SSL) calculated on the basis of total length of plant stems for (A) 2014, (B) 2015 and (C) 2016 harvests. ANOVA results with family (F) and habit (H) effects are given for each harvest, and significance levels for contrasts between species within family are shown above the bars (***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; ns, not significant). (D and E) Relationships between total stem length and vegetative plant biomass. Symbols in (D) are predicted species means at average biomass, and symbols in (E) represent means (± s.e.) of the three largest plants per species, and results of ANCOVA are shown. Bold font indicates the effects with P < 0.05.