Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of DPP subjects, individuals included in the metabolite profiling subcohort, and the DPP cohort and treatment arms after IPW
| DPP | IPW | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole cohort | Metabolite subcohort | Metabolite subcohort | ILS | MET | PLA | |
| N | 3,234 | 2,015 | 3,228 | 1,077 | 1,069 | 1,083 |
| ILS group, n (%) | 1,079 (33.4) | 685 (34.0) | 1,077 (33.4) | |||
| MET group, n (%) | 1,073(33.2) | 669 (33.2) | 1,069 (33.1) | |||
| PLA group, n (%) | 1,082 (33.4) | 661 (32.8) | 1,083 (33.5) | |||
| Age, years | 51 (11) | 53 (10) | 51 (13) | 51 (14) | 51 (13) | 50 (13) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Female | 2,191 (67.7) | 1,336 (66.3) | 2,158 (66.9) | 706 (65.5)* | 664 (62.2)* | 789 (72.8)* |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 1,768 (54.7) | 1,158 (57.5) | 1,768 (54.7) | 587 (54.5) | 607 (56.8) | 574 (53.1) |
| African American | 645 (19.9) | 376 (18.7) | 639 (19.8) | 194 (18.0) | 215 (20.1) | 230 (21.3) |
| Hispanic | 508 (15.7) | 264 (13.1) | 508 (15.4) | 173 (16.1) | 166 (15.5) | 169 (15.6) |
| Asian | 142 (4.4) | 93 (4.6) | 139 (4.3) | 60 (5.5) | 41 (3.9) | 38 (3.5) |
| American Indian | 171 (5.3) | 124 (6.1) | 173 (5.4) | 63 (5.9) | 39 (3.7) | 71 (6.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.0 (6.7) | 33.3 (6.20) | 34.0 (8.6) | 33.6 (7.9)* | 33.9 (8.3)* | 34.6 (9.5)* |
| Circumference, cm | 105.1 (14.5) | 104.3 (14.0) | 105.1 (18.3) | 104.8 (18.2) | 105.6 (18.8) | 105 (18.1) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 226 (7.0) | 123 (6.1) | 211 (6.5) | 50 (4.7) | 77 (7.2) | 84 (7.8) |
| Hypertensive, n (%) | 925 (28.6) | 624 (31) | 938 (29.1) | 296 (27.5) | 317 (29.6) | 325 (30.0) |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 160 (4.9) | 115 (5.7) | 158 (4.9) | 45 (4.2) | 62 (5.8) | 51 (4.7) |
| Statin medications | 137 (4.2) | 101 (5.0) | 139 (4.3) | 36 (3.3) | 57 (5.3) | 46 (4.3) |
| Nonstatin medications | 23 (0.7) | 14 (0.7) | 19 (0.6) | 9 (0.9) | 6 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 2,243 (69.4) | 1,367 (67.9) | 2,213 (68.6) | 737 (68.5) | 714 (66.8) | 762 (70.5) |
| FPG, mg/dL | 106.5 (8.3) | 106.4 (8.30) | 106.6 (10.67) | 106.4 (10.4) | 106.6 (10.6) | 106.7 (11.0) |
| 2-h plasma glucose, mg/dLǂ | 164 (17.0) | 165 (17.2) | 165 (21.8) | 164.6 (21.2) | 164.3 (21.9) | 165.1 (22.3) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 141 (99, 201) | 143 (101, 200) | 143 (101, 199) | 138 (98, 197) | 142 (101, 199) | 147 (104, 205) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 45.6 (11.8) | 46.6 (12.2) | 46.6 (12.2) | 46.3 (15.8) | 46 (14.3) | 45.4 (15.6) |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 24 (16, 33) | 23 (16, 32) | 24 (16, 34) | 24 (16, 33) | 24 (16, 35) | 24 (17, 33) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.9 (0.5) | 5.9 (0.5) | 5.9 (0.6) | 5.9 (0.6) | 5.9 (0.6) | 5.9 (0.6) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 41 (4.3) | 41 (5.4) | 41 (7.0) | 41 (7.0) | 41 (7.0) | 41 (6.8) |
Data shown are n (%) for all categorical variables and mean (SD) for all quantitative traits except triglycerides and fasting insulin, which are presented as median (interquartile range). Following implementation of the IPW, the demographic characteristics of the DPP were restored in the IPW metabolite profiling subcohort and were balanced across treatment groups, except for sex and BMI.
*P values <0.05. ǂ2-h plasma glucose determined after a 75-g oral glucose load.