Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of PREVAIL Study Participants*
| Characteristic | DOT (n = 51) | GT (n = 48) | SIT (n = 51) | Total (n = 150) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD),y | 51.4 (10) | 51.2 (11) | 51.0 (11) | 51.2 (11) |
| Male | 33 (65) | 32 (67) | 32 (63) | 97 (65) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Latino | 31 (61) | 24 (50) | 29 (57) | 84 (56) |
| African American | 13 (26) | 13 (27) | 14 (27) | 40 (27) |
| White | 4 (8) | 5 (10) | 3 (6) | 12 (8) |
| Other | 3 (6) | 6 (13) | 5 (10) | 14 (9) |
| Homeless | 9 (18) | 10 (21) | 15 (29) | 34 (23) |
| Unemployed | 43 (84) | 38 (79) | 41 (80) | 122 (81) |
| Married (living with partner) | 18 (35) | 21 (44) | 16 (31) | 55 (37) |
| Urine drug screen (6 mo before baseline)† | ||||
| Any drug | 34 (67) | 34 (71) | 30 (58) | 98 (65) |
| Opioids | 23 (45) | 26 (54) | 21 (41) | 70 (47) |
| Cocaine | 24 (47) | 23 (48) | 24 (47) | 71 (47) |
| Benzodiazepines | 15 (29) | 15 (31) | 13 (26) | 43 (29) |
| Urine drug screen (at baseline) | ||||
| Any drug | 26 (51) | 23 (48) | 25 (49) | 74 (49) |
| Opioids/oxycodone | 12 (24) | 14 (29) | 11 (22) | 37 (25) |
| Cocaine | 17 (33) | 11 (23) | 16 (31) | 44 (29) |
| Benzodiazepines | 9 (18) | 4 (8) | 10 (20) | 23 (15) |
| Amphetamines | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Self-reported drug use (30 d before baseline) | ||||
| Heroin | 9 (18) | 9 (19) | 10 (20) | 28 (19) |
| Other opioids/analgesics | 10 (20) | 8 (17) | 15 (29) | 33 (22) |
| Cocaine | 12 (24) | 12 (25) | 12 (24) | 36 (24) |
| Sedatives/hypnotics/tranquilizers | 9 (18) | 12 (25) | 12 (24) | 33 (22) |
| Amphetamines | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 4 (3) |
| Alcohol use to intoxication (30 d before baseline) | 13 (26) | 11 (23) | 12 (24) | 36 (24) |
| Injection drug use (ever) | 38 (75) | 40 (83) | 35 (69) | 113 (75) |
| Comorbid psychiatric conditions | ||||
| Any | 20 (39) | 22 (46) | 25 (49) | 67 (45) |
| Major depressive episode | 11 (22) | 15 (31) | 12 (24) | 38 (25) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 8 (16) | 10 (21) | 10 (20) | 28 (19) |
| Psychotic disorder | 12 (24) | 17 (35) | 20 (39) | 49 (33) |
| Current manic episode | 1 (2) | 6 (13) | 4 (8) | 11 (7) |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | ||||
| None or mild | 33 (65) | 33 (69) | 31 (60) | 97 (65) |
| Moderate or severe | 18 (35) | 15 (31) | 20 (39) | 53 (35) |
| HIV/HCV co-infection | 6 (12) | 6 (13) | 9 (18) | 21 (14) |
| HCV subtype | ||||
| 1a | 43 (84) | 41 (85) | 44 (86) | 128 (85) |
| 1b | 8 (16) | 7 (15) | 7 (14) | 22 (15) |
| IL28B CC | 9 (18) | 11 (23) | 13 (25) | 33 (22) |
| IL28B TC | 26 (50) | 26 (54) | 27 (53) | 79 (53) |
| IL28B TT | 16 (31) | 11 (23) | 11 (22) | 38 (25) |
| Cirrhosis | 15 (29) | 16 (33) | 10 (20) | 41 (27) |
| Treatment experienced | 4 (8) | 6 (13) | 6 (12) | 16 (11) |
| DAA regimen | ||||
| SOF/LDV | 31 (61) | 38 (79) | 35 (69) | 104 (69) |
| SOF/SMV | 5 (10) | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | 11 (7) |
| SOF/RBV | 9 (18) | 3 (6) | 5 (10) | 17 (11) |
| SOF/IFN/RBV | 5 (10) | 3 (6) | 7 (14) | 15 (10) |
| TVR/IFN/RBV | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) |
| Opioid agonist therapy | ||||
| Methadone | 51 (100) | 47 (98) | 49 (96) | 147 (98) |
| Buprenorphine | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 3 (2) |
| Pick-up schedule | ||||
| 1–3 per week | 6 (12) | 12 (25) | 14 (28) | 32 (21) |
| 4–6 per week | 45 (88) | 36 (75) | 37 (73) | 118 (79) |
DAA = direct-acting antiviral; DOT = directly observed therapy; GT = group treatment; HCV = hepatitis C virus; IFN = pegylated interferon; LDV = ledipasvir; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PREVAIL = Prevent Resistance Eliminate Virus and Improve Life; RBV = ribavirin; SIT = self-administered individual treatment; SMV = simeprevir; SOF = sofosbuvir; TVR = telaprevir.
*
No missing values wsere observed for any characteristics. Values are numbers (percentages) unless otherwise indicated.
†
Oxycodone and amphetamine data were not obtained via chart review.