Table 3.
Logistic Regression Model for Tinnitus With Industry Type, Demographic, Health, and Lifestyles Factors, and Noise Exposure.
| Factors | Step 1 |
Step 2 |
Step 3 |
Step 4 |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2(3) = 35.97, p < .001; R2= .01 |
χ2(6) = 91.77, p < .001; R2= .04 |
χ2(10) =9.10, p = .52; R2= .04 |
χ2(2) = 56.17, p < .001; R2 =.06 |
|||||||||||||
| Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI |
Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI |
Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI |
Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI |
|||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||||||
| Industry type | ||||||||||||||||
| Industry (vs. finance) | 39.54*** | – | – | – | 21.55*** | – | – | – | 20.54*** | – | – | – | 4.10 | – | – | – |
| Agricultural | 1.35 | 1.18 | 0.90 | 1.54 | 0.75 | 1.13 | 0.86 | 1.49 | 0.61 | 1.12 | 0.85 | 1.47 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.73 | 1.28 |
| Construction | 31.16*** | 1.53 | 1.32 | 1.78 | 15.75*** | 1.39 | 1.18 | 1.64 | 14.81*** | 1.38 | 1.17 | 1.63 | 2.15 | 1.14 | .96 | 1.37 |
| Music | 9.75** | 1.99 | 1.29 | 3.05 | 8.86** | 1.94 | 1.26 | 3.01 | 8.60** | 1.93 | 1.24 | 2.99 | 2.06 | 1.39 | .89 | 2.19 |
| Demographic factors | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 71.12*** | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 60.87*** | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 76.48*** | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.06 | ||||
| Gender (vs. female) | 3.14 | 1.18 | .98 | 1.41 | 4.18* | 1.21 | 1.01 | 1.45 | .78 | 1.09 | .90 | 1.31 | ||||
| Ethnicity (vs. White) | 1.13 | 0.83 | 0.59 | 1.17 | 0.92 | .084 | 0.60 | 1.19 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.60 | 1.20 | ||||
| Townsend (vs. most affluent) | 4.48 | – | – | – | 4.76 | – | – | – | 5.2 | – | – | – | ||||
| Second quartile | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 1.22 | 1.70 × 10−3 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 1.21 | 1.65 × 10−4 | 1.00 | .83 | 1.21 | ||||
| Third quartile | 1.30 | 1.12 | 0.92 | 1.35 | 1.18 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 1.34 | 0.70 | 1.09 | 0.90 | 1.32 | ||||
| Most deprived | 1.26 | 0.88 | 0.71 | 1.10 | 1.53 | 0.87 | 0.70 | 1.08 | 2.39 | .84 | 0.67 | 1.05 | ||||
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||||||||||||
| Smoking status (vs. nonsmoker) | 4.88 | – | – | – | 2.98 | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Current smoker | 0.20 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.37 | 2.66 × 10−3 | 0.99 | 0.77 | 1.29 | ||||||||
| Previous smoker | 4.87* | 1.19 | 1.02 | 1.39 | 2.73 | 1.14 | 0.98 | 1.33 | ||||||||
| Alcohol drinker (vs. nondrinker) | 1.09 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 0.84 | 0.62 | 1.14 | ||||||||
| BMI | 1.13 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.75 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | ||||||||
| Diabetes (vs. no) | 0.18 | 0.93 | 0.65 | 1.38 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 0.65 | 1.35 | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular disease (vs. no) | 0.12 | 0.95 | 0.72 | 1.26 | 0.11 | 0.95 | 0.72 | 1.26 | ||||||||
| High cholesterol (vs. low) | 0.60 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 1.13 | 0.60 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 1.14 | ||||||||
| Hypertension (vs. no) | 0.38 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 1.11 | 0.39 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 1.11 | ||||||||
| Physically inactive (vs. active) | 5.27 × 10−3 | 1.01 | 0.86 | 1.18 | 0.07 | 1.02 | 0.87 | 1.20 | ||||||||
| Ototoxic medication (vs. no) | 0.78 | 1.07 | 0.92 | 1.25 | 0.42 | 1.05 | 0.90 | 1.23 | ||||||||
| Noise exposure | ||||||||||||||||
| Work noise exposure (vs. low) | 27.07*** | 1.60 | 1.34 | 1.91 | ||||||||||||
| Music noise exposure (vs. low) | 23.12*** | 1.62 | 1.33 | 1.98 | ||||||||||||
| Constant | 1,287.83*** | .16 | – | – | 219.26*** | .02 | – | – | 80.89*** | .02 | – | – | 90.01*** | .02 | – | – |
Note. Total: n = 5,727; agricultural: n = 439, construction: n = 1,914, music: n = 118, finance, n = 3,256. BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.