Table 2.
Distribution of study covariates and hospital outcomes of patients with and without T2DM hospitalized with infective endocarditis in Spain from 2001 to 2015, before and after propensity score matching
| Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | Non T2DM | p value | T2DM | Non T2DM | p value | |
| Time period, n (%) | ||||||
| 2001–2003 | 345 (10.0) | 2019 (15.3) | < 0.001 | 345 (10.0) | 371 (10.8) | 0.277 |
| 2004–2006 | 486 (14.1) | 2128 (16.1) | 486 (14.1) | 456 (13.3) | ||
| 2007–2009 | 603 (17.6) | 2304 (17.5) | 603 (17.6) | 576 (16.8) | ||
| 2010–2012 | 962 (28.0) | 3165 (24.0) | 962 (28.0) | 928 (27.0) | ||
| 2013–2015 | 1040 (30.3) | 3574 (27.1) | 1040 (30.3) | 1105 (32.2) | ||
| Total | 3436 (100) | 13,190 (100) | 3436 (100) | 3436 (100) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 2196 (63.9) | 8865 (67.2) | < 0.001 | 2196 (63.9) | 2175 (63.3) | 0.599 |
| Female | 1240 (36.1) | 4325 (32.8) | 1240 (36.1) | 1261 (36.7) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 70.8 (10.2) | 67.9 (12.4) | < 0.001 | 70.8 (10.2) | 70.3 (11.8) | 0.154 |
| Age groups, n (%) | ||||||
| 40–66 years old | 1030 (30.0) | 5437 (41.2) | < 0.001 | 1030 (30.0) | 1067 (31.1) | 0.001 |
| 67–75 years old | 1153 (33.6) | 3547 (26.9) | 1153 (33.6) | 1014 (29.5) | ||
| ≥ 76 years old | 1253 (36.5) | 4206 (31.9) | 1253 (36.5) | 1355 (39.4) | ||
| CCI, mean (SD) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.8) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.673 |
| Prosthetic valve carriers, n (%) | 333 (9.7) | 1220 (9.3) | 0.428 | 333 (9.7) | 306 (8.9) | 0.262 |
| Previous mitral valve disease, n (%) | 912 (26.5) | 3971 (30.1) | < 0.001 | 912 (26.5) | 908 (26.4) | 0.913 |
| Previous aortic valve disease, n (%) | 869 (25.3) | 3880 (29.4) | < 0.001 | 869 (25.3) | 846 (24.6) | 0.521 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 972 (28.3) | 3666 (27.8) | 0.565 | 972 (28.3) | 935 (27.2) | 0.319 |
| Septic arterial embolism, n (%) | 39 (1.1) | 164 (1.2) | 0.607 | 39 (1.1) | 46 (1.3) | 0.445 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 61 (1.8) | 153 (1.2) | 0.004 | 61 (1.8) | 56 (1.6) | 0.641 |
| Acute renal disease, n (%) | 617 (18.0) | 2432 (18.4) | 0.516 | 617 (18.0) | 598 (17.4) | 0.548 |
| Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 592 (17.2) | 1329 (10.1) | < 0.001 | 592 (17.2) | 536 (15.6) | 0.068 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 627 (18.3) | 1467 (11.1) | < 0.001 | 627 (18.3) | 611 (17.8) | 0.616 |
| COPD, n (%) | 602 (17.5) | 2167 (16.4) | 0.126 | 602 (17.5) | 643 (18.7) | 0.199 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 863 (25.1) | 2916 (22.1) | < 0.001 | 863 (25.1) | 867 (25.2) | 0.911 |
| Shock, n (%) | 239 (7.0) | 1099 (8.3) | 0.008 | 239 (7.0) | 221 (6.4) | 0.385 |
| Periannular complications/atrioventricular block, n (%) | 129 (3.8) | 600 (4.6) | 0.043 | 129 (3.8) | 165 (4.8) | 0.032 |
| Heart valve surgery, n (%) | 479 (13.9) | 2630 (19.9) | < 0.001 | 479 (13.9) | 595 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 248 (7.2) | 761 (5.8) | < 0.001 | 248 (7.2) | 203 (5.9) | 0.028 |
| Pacemaker implantation, n (%) | 89 (2.6) | 356 (2.7) | 0.725 | 89 (2.6) | 86 (2.5) | 0.818 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 410 (11.9) | 1774 (13.5) | 0.019 | 410 (11.9) | 412 (12.0) | 0.941 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci, n (%) | 441 (12.8) | 1463 (11.1) | 0.004 | 441 (12.8) | 399 (11.6) | 0.122 |
| Staphylococcus aureus, n (%) | 504 (14.7) | 1685 (12.8) | 0.003 | 504 (14.7) | 452 (13.2) | 0.070 |
| Streptococci, n (%) | 649 (18.9) | 2897 (22.0) | < 0.001 | 649 (18.9) | 749 (21.8) | 0.003 |
| Enterococci, n (%) | 557 (16.2) | 1887 (14.3) | 0.005 | 557 (16.2) | 488 (14.2) | 0.020 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae, n (%) | 15 (0.4) | 58 (0.4) | 0.980 | 15 (0.4) | 13 (0.4) | 0.705 |
| Anaerobes, n (%) | 21 (0.6) | 71 (0.5) | 0.608 | 21 (0.6) | 19 (0.6) | 0.751 |
| Gram-negative bacilli, n (%) | 264 (7.7) | 1012 (7.7) | 0.983 | 264 (7.7) | 260 (7.6) | 0.856 |
| Candidiasis/aspergillosis, n (%) | 3 (0.1) | 32 (0.2) | 0.077 | 3 (0.1) | 11 (0.3) | 0.032 |
| Readmissions, n (%) | 687 (20.0) | 2091 (15.9) | < 0.001 | 687 (20.0) | 632 (18.4) | 0.092 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) | 27.17 (20.4) | 27.51 (22.1) | 0.405 | 27.17 (20.4) | 27.43 (22.1) | 0.616 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 714 (20.8) | 2562 (19.4) | 0.075 | 714 (20.8) | 682 (19.9) | 0.337 |
| Cost, mean (SD) | 13,230.4 (10,000.7) | 14,452.0 (12,845.6) | < 0.001 | 13,230.4 (10,000.7) | 14,045.3 (12,713.2) | 0.003 |
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease