Table 1.
Summary statistics of variables
| Variables | Whole sample (n = 7962) | Reported good health (n = 3585) | Reported fair or poor health (n = 4377) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | ||||
| Self-reported health (%) | ||||
| Good | 45.03 | |||
| Fair or poor | 54.97 | |||
| Predictors (neighbourhood-level variables) | ||||
| Percentage of surrounding green spaces within 1 km buffer (%) | 16.41 (27.67) | 18.27 (28.38) | 14.88 (26.98) | 0.000a |
| Percentage of surrounding blue spaces within 1 km buffer (%) | 1.76 (5.61) | 1.84 (5.75) | 1.69 (5.50) | 0.227a |
| Proximity to the nearest green spaces (metre) | 775.98 (702.45) | 715.42 (698.82) | 825.59 (701.60) | 0.000a |
| Proximity to the nearest blue spaces (metre) | 2108.24 (1512.03) | 2081.94 (1498.20) | 2129.79 (1523.09) | 0.160a |
| Covariates | ||||
| Social deprivation index | −0.31 (1.91) | −0.27 (2.02) | −0.34 (1.80) | 0.146a |
| Annual average PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) | 51.81 (2.59) | 51.83 (3.17) | 51.80 (1.98) | 0.596a |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Male | 48.47 | 53.22 | 44.57 | 0.000b |
| Female | 51.53 | 46.78 | 55.43 | |
| Age (years) (%) | ||||
| 60–69 | 53.49 | 70.88 | 39.25 | 0.000b |
| 70–79 | 30.75 | 22.51 | 37.49 | |
| > =80 | 15.76 | 6.61 | 23.26 | |
| Marital status (%) | ||||
| Single, divorced, or widowed | 22.70 | 14.64 | 29.29 | 0.000b |
| Married | 77.30 | 85.36 | 70.71 | |
| Hukou status (%) | ||||
| Local hukou | 68.12 | 63.57 | 71.85 | 0.000b |
| Non-local hukou | 31.88 | 36.43 | 28.15 | |
| Education (%) | ||||
| No schooling | 14.46 | 10.38 | 17.80 | 0.000b |
| Elementary school or junior high school | 55.15 | 58.02 | 52.80 | |
| Senior high school | 16.68 | 17.10 | 16.34 | |
| College or above | 13.71 | 14.50 | 13.06 | |
| Living alone (%) | ||||
| Yes | 6.66 | 5.38 | 7.70 | 0.000b |
| No | 93.34 | 94.62 | 92.30 | |
| Housing area per capita (m2) | 29.17 (22.83) | 30.82 (24.03) | 27.84 (21.70) | 0.000a |
| Housing construction time (%) | ||||
| Before 1980 | 15.02 | 11.58 | 17.84 | 0.000b |
| After 1980 | 84.98 | 88.42 | 82.16 | |
| Housing facilities (%) | ||||
| None, one, two or three types of facilities | 13.26 | 11.83 | 85.56 | 0.001b |
| Four types of facilities | 86.74 | 88.17 | 14.44 | |
Note: results are presented as proportion for categorical variables and as mean (standard errors) for continuous variables
at-Test statistics. bPearson’s chi-squares statistics