Table 2.
Multilevel logistic regression estimates of reporting good health
| Effects and variables | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Fixed variables | |||
| The percentage of surrounding green spaces within 1 km buffer | 1.75 (1.15–2.65) ** | ||
| The percentage of surrounding blue spaces within 1 km buffer | 2.54 (0.49–13.12) | ||
| Logarithm of proximity to the nearest green spaces | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) ** | ||
| Logarithm of proximity to the nearest blue spaces | 0.90 (0.84–0.98) * | ||
| Social deprivation index | 1.05 (0.99–1.10) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) |
| Annual average PM2.5 concentrations | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) |
| Males (ref: females) | 1.50 (1.31–1.71) *** | 1.48 (1.30–1.70) *** | 1.48 (1.30–1.70) *** |
| Age (ref: 60–69) | |||
| 70–79 | 0.21 (0.17–0.25) *** | 0.21 (0.18–0.25) *** | 0.21 (0.18–0.25) *** |
| > =80 | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) *** | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) *** | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) *** |
| Single, divorced, or widowed (ref: married) | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) *** | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) *** | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) *** |
| Living alone (ref: no) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) |
| Education (ref: no schooling) | |||
| Elementary school or junior high school | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 1.11 (0.88–1.40) |
| Senior high school | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 1.00 (0.75–1.34) |
| College or above | 1.01 (0.74–1.39) | 1.10 (0.80–1.52) | 1.12 (0.82–1.54) |
| Non-local hukou (ref: local hukou) | 1.41 (1.20–1.67) *** | 1.44 (1.22–1.71) *** | 1.44 (1.22–1.70) *** |
| Housing area per capita | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
| Housing construction time after 1980 (ref: before 1980) | 0.69 (0.53–0.90) ** | 0.72 (0.55–0.94) * | 0.73 (0.56–0.95) * |
| Housing facilities (ref: none, one, two and three) | 1.09 (0.84–1.43) | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) | 1.03 (0.78–1.35) |
| Random variables | |||
| Var (neighbourhood-level constant) | 3.82 (3.23–4.52) *** | 3.81 (3.22–4.50) *** | 3.80 (3.22–4.49) *** |
| ICC | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
| Number of neighbourhoods | 3354 | 3354 | 3354 |
| Number of individuals | 7962 | 7962 | 7962 |
| AIC | 9273.95 | 9269.76 | 9260.74 |
Note: aModel 1 included social deprivation index, annual average PM2.5 concentration, age, sex, marital status, hukou status, education, living alone, housing area per capita, housing construction time and housing facilities
bModel 2 included variables in Model 1, the percentage of surrounding green spaces within 1 km buffer and the percentage of surrounding blue spaces within 1 km buffer to Model 1
cModel 3 included variables in Model 1 and the logarithm of proximity to the nearest green spaces and the logarithm of proximity to the nearest blue spaces to Model 1
OR odds ratio; 95% confidence intervals in brackets; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001