Table 2.
Summary of the multimodal comparison per patient
| ID | Spike types selected | No. of IED EEG/MEG | No. IED EEG/fMRI | Anatomical MRI | Activation‐ESI | Activation‐MSI | Deactivation‐MSI | Deactivation‐ESI | MSI‐ESI | MSI‐iEEG/ circumscribed lesion | ESI‐iEEG/ circumscribed lesion | Activation iEEG/circumscribed lesion | Deactivation ‐ iEEG/ circumscribed lesion | Type of surgery | Engel Outcome | Follow up (months) | Histology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LF | 37/30 | 165 | Normal | rc (cl 1) | n | % | % | rc | Focus nd | Focus nd | Focus nd | % | % | % | ||
| 2 | RFT | 24/48 | 299 | Normal | n | n | n | n | n | c IED/ SOZ | ESI focus nc | nc by iEEG | nc by iEEG | % | % | ||
| 3 | LFT | 424/240 | 387 | Normal | rc (cl 1) | n | c (cl 1) | rc (cl 1) | n | c IED/ SOZ | ESI focus nc | nc by iEEG | c | % | % | ||
| 4 | RTPO | 327/58 | 112 | FCD RTP | n | n | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | c | c IED/ SOZ, rc lesion | c IED/ SOZ, rc lesion | nc by iEEG | c IED/SOZ, lesion | resection of lesion RTPO | 1a | 12 | FCD 2a |
| 5 | RF | 37/21 | 10 | FCD RF | c (cl 4), (rc: cl 5, cl 9) | c (cl 3 & cl 4) | n | n | c | rc lesion | rc lesion | no iEEG, rc lesion | % | RF resection lesion | 1a | 12 | FCD 2a |
| 6 | RF | 102/159 | 68 | FCD RF | rc (cl 1) | rc (cl 1) | n | n | rc | c IED/ SOZ, lesion | c IED/ SOZ, lesion | c IED/SOZ, lesion | % | RF resection lesion | 1a | 12 | FCD 2b |
| 7 | LT | 106/35 | 85 | Normal | c (cl 1) | rc (cl 1) | n | n | rc | % | % | no iEEG | % | % | |||
| 8 | LF | ‐/19 | 91 | Normal | % | c (cl 1) | n | % | % | focus nd | focus nd | focus nd | focus nd | % | |||
| 9 | RF | 163/16 | 87 | Double cortex | n | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | rc | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| 10 | RF | 200/60 | 161 | Normal | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | n | rc (cl 1) | c | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| 11 | LT | 17/17 | 15 | L hem. PMG | n | rc (cl 2) | n | n | n | c IED/ SOZ | c IED, but not SOZ | rc IED/SOZ | % | LF resection | 4 | 12 | PMG |
| 12 | RT | 28/64 | 89 | Extended subcortical heterotopia right posterior lateral ventricle | n | n | c (cl 2) | c (cl 2) | c | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| 13 | LTP | 14/26 | 275 | Extended subcortical heterotopia left posterior horn lateral ventricle | rc (cl 2) | c (cl 2) | n | n | n | c IED, but not SOZ | c IED/ SOZ | rc IED/SOZ | no covered by iEEG | % | |||
| 14 | RFT | 9/5 | 25 | R hemispheric PMG | n | c (cl 1) | % | % | n | MSI focus nc | ESI focus nc | nc by iEEG | % | 1.) RTP 2.) RT anterior resection | 3 | 18 (after second surgery) | FCD 2a (PMG) |
| 15 | LPO | 30/23 | 39 | Normal | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | c (cl 3) | rc (cl 4) | c | % | % | no iEEG | no iEEG | % | |||
| 16 | LP | 12/6 | 27 | Normal | rc (cl 2) | n | n | n | c | c IED/ SOZ | c IED/ SOZ | rc IED/SOZ | nc by iEEG | 2 surgeries LC | 4 | 12 (after second surgery) | migrational type disorder |
| 17 | LPO | 432/95 | 328 | Normal | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | n | n | c | % | % | no iEEG | no iEEG | % | |||
| 18 | RFT | 119/478 | 192 | RF FCD | c (cl 2) | c (cl 2) | n | n | c | c IED, SOZ, lesion | c IED, SOZ, lesion | c IED, SOZ, lesion | c IED, SOZ, lesion | LF resection lesion | 1a | 24 | FCD 2a |
| 19 | RF | 32/18 | 53 | R HME | n | n | rc (cl 3) | rc (cl 3) | c | MSI focus nc | ESI focus nc | nc by iEEG | nc by iEEG | RF resection | 3 | 12 | MCD consistent with HME |
| 20 | RPO | 120/9 | 897 | normal | n | n | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | rc | c IED/ SOZ | c IED/ SOZ | nc by iEEG | c IED/SOZ | 2 surgeries (RO & RTO) | 4 | 12 (after second surgery) | Gliosis |
| 21 | RT | 9/6 | 74 | R parahippocampal dysplasia | c (cl 1) | c (cl 1) | n | rc (cl 4) | rc | % | % | no iEEG | no iEEG | RT anterior neocortical resection | 4 | 15 (after second surgery) | migrational type disorder |
The most concordant clusters per patient is highlighted in italics. For all patients but patient 19 the cluster marked in italics is also the most significant cluster (patient 19: deactivation cluster 1 most significant). Abbreviations: c: concordant, F: frontal lobe, FCD: focal cortical dysplasia, HME: hemimegalencephaly, iEEG: invasive EEG, IED: interictal epileptic discharges, n: not concordant, nc: not covered, nd: not defined, MCD: malformation of cortical development, PNH: periventricular nodular heterotopia, PMG: polymicrogyria, L: left, O: occipital lobe, OF: orbito‐frontal, P: parietal lobe, R: right, rc: regionally concordant, SOZ: seizure onset zone, T: temporal lobe, %: not available.