Table 3.
Mean values of Z‐scores (and SD) of RS FC within the clusters showing a significant difference between healthy controls and patients with pediatric MS, first considered as a whole and then divided into CP and CI patients
| RSNs | Cluster | MNI space coordinates x y z | Healthy controls | Pediatric MS patients | CP MS patients | CI MS patients | P‐valuea | P‐valueb | P‐valuec | P‐valued |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensorimotor II | L cerebellum (lobule VI) | −18 −64 −26 | 1.03 (0.38) | 0.70 (0.39) | 0.72 (0.41) | 0.63 (0.40) | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| R postcentral gyrus (BA2) | 57 −31 30 | 0.70 (0.37) | 0.51 (0.39) | 0.50 (0.43) | 0.55 (0.32) | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Secondary visual network | L cerebellum (vermis) | −3 −55 −18 | 0.81 (0.64) | 0.43 (0.53) | 0.45 (0.52) | 0.47 (0.48) | 0.01* | 0.06 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| DMN | L angular gyrus (BA39) | −45 −70 34 | 1.02 (0.66) | 0.61 (0.52) | 0.62 (0.52) | 0.64 (0.51) | 0.002* | 0.006 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| ECN | L MTG (BA37) | −63 −52 −6 | 0.66 (0.36) | 0.49 (0.36) | 0.45 (0.34) | 0.52 (0.41) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Fronto‐parietal attention network | R medial frontal gyrus (BA8) | 3 23 50 | 0.72 (0.63) | 0.95 (0.41) | 0.99 (0.39) | 0.92 (0.48) | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| WMN (L) | R precuneus (BA7) | 9 −64 66 | 0.85 (0.42) | 0.66 (0.38) | 0.76 (0.34) | 0.49 (0.41) | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| WMN (R) | L precuneus (BA5) | −3 −52 58 | 0.76 (0.34) | 0.63 (0.22) | 0.64 (0.23) | 0.58 (0.23) | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
ANOVA model adjusted for age, gender, and average mean motion; *P‐values surviving to the FDR correction for multiple comparisons.
ANOVA model adjusted for age, gender, average mean motion, and Z‐score of regional GM volume; *P‐values surviving to the FDR correction for multiple comparisons.
ANOVA model adjusted for age, gender, and average mean motion (significance at post hoc comparison between CP and CI patients).
ANOVA model adjusted for age, gender, average mean motion, and Z‐score for regional GM volume (significance at post hoc comparison between CP and CI patients).
Clusters with increased RS FC in pediatric MS patients versus healthy controls are identified in bold font.
Abbreviations: L, left; R, right; RS, resting state; MS, multiple sclerosis; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; DMN, default mode network; ECN, executive control network; SN, salience network; WMN, working memory network; BA, Brodmann area; MTG, middle temporal gyrus.