Table 1.
Sociodemographic, questionnaire and clinical data of study participants; mean (SD)
| BPD (N = 22) | MDD (N = 22) | HC (N = 22) | P‐value according to χ 2‐tests or t‐tests between clinical groups | P‐value according to χ 2‐test or ANOVA between all groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 42.0 (11.0) | 41.2 (11.8) | 41.1 (10.9) | 0.80 | 0.95 |
| Sex (male/female) | 11/11 | 11/11 | 11/11 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Total education time | 14.9 (1.9) | 15.3 (2.2) | 15.5 (2.1) | 0.47 | 0.62 |
| Verbal intelligence | 112.3 (16.2) | 116.9 (14.3) | 116.3 (13.0) | 0.33 | 0.53 |
| HAMD | 23.3 (4.6) | 25.1 (7.1) | 1.2 (1.8) | 0.30 | < 0.001a |
| YMRS | 2.1 (1.7) | 1.4 (2.1) | 0.4 (0.9) | 0.16 | 0.003a |
| Episodes of depression | 7.1 (6.0) | 5.7 (5.2) | n/a | 0.39 | – |
| Episodes of mania | 2.9 (3.4) | n/a | n/a | – | – |
| Age of onset | 28.4 (9.7) | 29.9 (12.8) | n/a | 0.67 | – |
| Duration of illness (in years) | 13.6 (10.0) | 11.3 (8.7) | n/a | 0.42 | – |
| Antidepressant medication (yes/no) | 13/9 | 18/4 | n/a | 0.10 | – |
| Antidepressive potencyb | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.1) | n/a | 0.781 | – |
| Antipsychotic medication (yes/no) | 15/7 | 10/12 | n/a | 0.13 | – |
| Antipsychotic potencyc | 224.5 (324.2) | 53.9 (110.9) | n/a | 0.024a | – |
| Mood Stabilizer (yes/no) | 13/9 | 3/19 | n/a | 0.002a | – |
BPD, bipolar depressed patients; MDD, unipolar depressed patients; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; HAMD, Hamilton depression rating scale; YMRS, young mania rating scale.
a
Significant at statistical threshold P < 0.05.
b
Chlorpromazine equivalent. Patients not receiving antidepressants were coded as zero.
c
According to criteria proposed by Sackeim [2001]. Patients not receiving antipsychotics were coded as zero.