Figure 5.

Decrease in neural dissimilarity between animals with similar features. After instruction about a feature (habitat or diet), the pairwise correlation distance (neural dissimilarity) decreased for the pairs of animals judged to be most similar with respect to that feature, relative to the pairs of animals that were judged to be least similar. The decrease occurred in the brain regions a priori predicted to encode the new feature knowledge. Error bars are standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05 using permutation testing.