Figure 1.

Flowchart for the generation of 2D patch‐like probability maps, 3D scatter maps and activation likelihood estimation (ALE) maps. With the reference of intraoperative photography and neuronavigation, the location of ISM positive and negative sites were labeled on the surface of the Collin's template based on the correspondence of anatomical landmarks to generate 2D patch‐like probability maps. Based on neuronavigation results, individual coordinates (x′, y′, z′) were obtained. Then, those individual coordinates were transformed to standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates. Then, the group‐wise ISM positive points were integrated to generate 3D scatter maps and 3D ALE maps (based on a meta‐analysis‐like analysis considering tumor characteristics, functional evaluations before and after surgery) for number counting, picture naming and word reading.