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Instead of targeting WTA biosynthesis, BPEI attacks mature WTA in the cell wall. WTA is an anionic phosphodiester biomolecule and we use cationic BPEI to disable WTA via an electrostatic interaction. In this manner, we can disable resistance from PBP2a and restore MRSE susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. For WTA, the side chains, R, can be either N-acetylglucosamine, D-alanine, or hydroxy groups.
