Table II.

Mean ratings of the pre‐tests and standard deviations printed in parentheses

	Action	Action Color	Color	Abstract
Length	8.5 (2.55)	7.9 (2.57)	9.5 (2.24)	9.0 (2.67)
Word duration	793 (134.37)	895 (225.25)	793 (217.18)	872 (217.49)
Familiarity	4.95 (0.08)	4.96 (.08)	4.98 (0.05)	4.98 (0.05)
Log lemma Frequency per million	22.29 (78.06)	5.75 (10.19)	4.64 (16.22)	42.92 (75.61)
Word meaning	4.99 (0.03)	4.97 (0.06)	4.98 (0.06)	4.95 (0.11)
Imageability	4.90 (0.12)	4.94 (0.09)	4.92 (0.08)	3.13 (0.55)
Color association (%)	19.6 (13.06)	74.8 (15.03)	79.6 (13.69)	2.4 (5.23)
Action association (%)	85.6 (12.61)	84.8 (15.84)	14.0 (15.28)	3.6 (7.57)