Figure 1.

Basic design of Experiment 1 (shaded rows) and Experiment 2 (all rows). Square boxes indicate stimuli; ovals represent hypothetical cognitive processes with thicker lines indicating facilitated processing from the Study phase. Arrows between ovals represent bottom‐up and top‐down communication between processes whereas curved arrows between stimuli (squares) and responses represent possible by‐passing of cognitive processes through (S‐R) retrieval. Solid lines to the left connecting particular rows highlight the Same Task condition; dotted lines highlight the Reverse Task condition. Note that, though we refer to any RS that is seen in our Word‐Picture condition as conceptual, as distinct from perceptual, it could in fact reflect multiple processes operating post object recognition, such as phonological and/or lexical retrieval of object names, as we consider further in the General Discussion.