Table IV.
Review of main activation peaks observed in the sensorimotor motor cortex during simple articulatory gestures in previous fMRI studies. x,y,z coordinates are reported in MNI space
| > | Left hemisphere | Right hemisphere | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lips | Jaw | Larynx | Tongue | Lips | Jaw | Larynx | Tongue | |||||||||||||||||
| Reference | x | y | z | x | y | z | x | y | z | x | y | z | x | y | z | x | y | z | x | y | z | x | y | z |
| Corfield et al. (1999)*—horizontal tongue movement | −63 | −7 | 24 | 64 | −5 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lotze et al. (2000a)*—lip pursing, vertical tongue movement | −53 | −18 | 40 | −53 | 0 | 35 | 55 | −8 | 41 | 67 | −3 | 26 | ||||||||||||
| Lotze et al. (2000b)*—lip pursing | −59 | −16 | 43 | 53 | −10 | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Riecker et al. (2000)—horizontal tongue movement | −63 | −3 | 30 | 57 | −3 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stippich et al. (2002)*—vertical tongue movement | −54 | −12 | 34 | 53 | −8 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fesl et al. (2003)*—horizontal tongue movement | −63 | −8 | 37 | 67 | −8 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gerardin et al. (2003)*—lip pursing | −58 | −15 | 45 | 61 | −9 | 52 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shinagawa et al. (2003)*—tongue protrusion | −48 | −14 | 34 | 51 | −8 | 37 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shinagawa et al. (2003)*—right tongue movement | −48 | −14 | 36 | 51 | −8 | 37 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shinagawa et al. (2003)*—left tongue movement | −48 | −14 | 38 | 59 | −1 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hesselmann et al. (2004)*—lip pursing, horizontal tongue movement | −41 | −21 | 44 | −55 | −12 | 27 | 53 | −21 | 49 | 58 | −13 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| Hanakawa et al. (2005)*—unilateral lip stretching | −54 | −8 | 41 | 57 | −3 | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pulvermüller et al. (2006)—up/down tongue or lip movement | −48 | −10 | 36 | −56 | −8 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Terumitsu et al. (2006)—tongue movements and vowel phonation | −40 | −19 | 42 | −55 | −8 | 32 | 51 | −11 | 38 | 59 | −6 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| −56 | −3 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vincent et al. (2006)*—horizontal/vertical tongue movement | 61 | −1 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Brown et al. (2008)*—lip protrusion and vertical tongue movement | −52 | −14 | 36 | −64 | −12 | 30 | 58 | −12 | 34 | 58 | −14 | 34 | ||||||||||||
| Brown et al. (2008)*—glottal stops | −38 | −16 | 34 | 44 | −12 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brown et al. (2008)*—vowel phonation | −40 | −12 | 32 | 44 | −10 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stippich et al. (2008)*—vertical tongue movement | −54 | −16 | 41 | 54 | −11 | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean coordinates | −52 | −15 | 41 | −44 | −13 | 32 | −55 | −10 | 34 | 56 | −11 | 43 | 46 | −11 | 37 | 58 | −7 | 31 | ||||||
(*)If originally reported in Talairach space, coordinates were converted in MNI space using the Talairach Daemon software (Lancaster et al., 2000) and a nonlinear transformation originally described by Matthew Brett (http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/Imaging/mnispace.html).