Table I.

Experimental procedures and correspondent numbers of activation and deactivation foci (with reference to all studies included in the meta‐analysis)

First author	Technique	Pain stagea	Stimulus	Site	Side	Duration	Intensity of stimulib	Stage 1		Stage 2
								Activation foci	Deactivation foci	Activation foci	Deactivation foci
Bingel, 2006	fMRI	2	Laser heat	Hand	Right/Left	1 ms	Fixed	0	0	2	0
Craggs, 2008 Price, 2007	fMRI	2	Rectal baloon distension	Rectum		20 s	Subject dependent	0	0	10	9
Eippert, 2009a	fMRI	1, 2, 3	Contact heat	Forearm	Right	20 s	Subject dependent	0	2	11	16
Kong, 2006	fMRI	2	Contact heat	Forearm	Right	10 s	Subject dependent	0	0	16	0
Lu, 2010	fMRI	1, 2	Esophageal baloon distension	Esophagus		30 s	Subject dependent	1	0	27	0
Lui, 2010	fMRI	1, 2	Laser heat	Foot dorsum	Right/Left	1–10 ms	Subject dependent	1	0	3	7
Nemoto, 2007	PET	3	Laser heat	Volar forearm	Right	6s	Fixed	0	0	4	4
Petrovic, 2002	PET	2	Contact heat	Dorsum hand	Left	70 s	Fixed	0	0	4	0
Wager [S1], 2004	fMRI	1, 2	Electrical	Wrist	Right	30 s	Subject dependent	14	0	26	1
Wager [S2], 2004	fMRI	1, 2	Contact heat	Forearm	Left	20 s	Subject dependent	5	0	26	7
Watson, 2009	fMRI	1, 2	Laser heat	Dorsal surface of forearm	Right	4 ms	Subject dependent	6	0	3	0
Experimental paradigm (%)							Subjects	Stage 1		Stage 2
								Activation foci	Deactivation foci	Activation foci	Deactivation foci
Rectal baloon distension (9.09%)							18	0	0	10	9
Contact heat (36.36%)							80	5	2	57	23
Esophageal baloon distension (9.09%)							14	1	0	27	0
Laser heat (36.36%)							63	7	0	12	11
Electrical (9.09%)							24	14	0	26	1
Total							199	27	2	132	44

^aConsidered with reference to stage 1 (prestimulation pain expectation), stage 2 (start and end of the noxious stimuli administration).

^bA fixed‐intensity paradigm was defined as an experiment that used the same level of stimulation for all participants, a subject‐dependent paradigm was defined as an experiment that used dissimilar stimuli for each subject.