Table I.
Parameter | Spanish (M, SD) | English (M, SD) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Language background | |||
Age of first exposure (years) | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.79 (2.21) | 9.67 × 10−5 |
Formal study (years) | 12.96 (8.69) | 14.71 (4.79) | ns |
Percent currently spoken per day | 22.92 (15.14) | 76.92 (15.00) | 6.65 × 10−5 |
Language self‐assessment (Scale 1–7; 7=native‐like competence) | |||
Listening comprehension | 6.75 (0.45) | 6.75 (0.45) | ns |
Reading comprehension | 6.33 (0.78) | 6.67 (0.49) | ns |
Speaking | 6.5 (0.52) | 6.67 (0.49) | ns |
Writing | 6.08 (1.00) | 6.50 (0.80) | ns |