. 2011 Sep 16;33(10):2281–2294. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21360

Table II.

Group differences in brain activation

	p_FWE‐corr clustel		MNI			T at voxel
Group comparisons	level	Voxels	x	y	z	level	Side	Brain region
FEP < HC	0.0001	3,586	2	−56	46	4.92	R, L	PCu extending into SPL and cuneus (BA 7)
			−18	−56	62
			−6	−62	52
	0.0001	949	−12	2	62	4.62	L	SFG and MFG (BA 6)
			−34	2	54
			−20	14	52
	0.109	207	26	20	48	3.25	R	MFG and SFG (BA 6, 8)^a,b
	(0.024)		36	14	50
	(0.024)		24	18	56
FEP < ARMS‐LT	0.0001	1,568	−32	34	0	4.54	L	IFG, insula, and OFG (BA 47,13)^b
			−26	22	−4
			−26	28	4
	0.006	402	−14	0	60	3.97	L	SFG (BA 6)
			−18	−2	72
			−10	16	64
	0.0001	689	−34	26	18	3.55	L	IFG and MFG (BA 13, 10, 8)^b
			−36	50	14
			−48	16	46
	0.006	406	26	22	2	3.82	R	IFG extending into insula (BA 47)^a
	(n.s.)		30	34	−2
	(n.s.)		34	24	14
ARMS‐ST < HC	0.0001	2,738	−8	−64	48	4.82	L, R	SPL, Pcu (BA 7)
			4	−56	46
			−22	−78	40
	0.022	312	−12	0	62	3.81	L	SFG (BA 6, 32)
	0.022	312	−14	10	52	3.81	L	SFG (BA 6, 32)
	0.0001	741	48	−44	52	3.20	R	IPL and SPL (BA 40, 7)
			52	−44	44
			36	−64	60
ARMS‐ST < ARMS‐LT	0.025	303	42	18	−4	3.69	R	Insula and IFG (BA 47, 13)^a
	(0.056)		34	34	−2
	(0.056)		26	22	−2
	0.077	229	−10	−4	66	3.52	L	SFG (BA 6)^a,b
	(0.023)	229	−18	−4	70	3.52	L	SFG (BA 6)^a,b
	0.083	224	−38	14	0	3.51	L	Insula (BA 13, 47)^a
	(0.039)		−26	20	−4
	(0.039)		−28	20	6
	0.062	243	18	−78	48	3.50	R, L	Pcu (BA 9, 17)
			28	−82	36
			−2	−74	54

Brain activation differences calculated using ANCOVA analyses in BPM of 2‐back > 0‐back contrast with two non‐imaging covariates (gender, age) and one imaging covariate VBM‐GM. There were no significant differences in contrasts: FEP > HC, ARMS‐ST > HC, ARMS‐LT < HC, ARMS‐LT > HC, ARMS‐ST > ARMS‐LT, FEP < ARMS‐ST, FEP > ARMS‐ST, FEP > ARMS‐LT. Two clusters (indicated with “b”) lost its significance after exclusion of 10 medicated patients from our FEP < ARMS‐LT analysis. There was one big subcortical cluster that became significant encompassing the left subthalamic and lentiform nucleus (MNI x, y, z: −10, −14, −6; 1143 voxels; P = 0.0001, FWE corrected) and two smaller ones in the right middle and the superior frontal gyrus (42, −46, 2; 324 voxels; P = 0.017, FWE corrected) and in the left inferior parietal lobule (−32, −44, 50; 299 voxels; P = 0.024, FWE corrected).

Abbreviations: ARMS‐ST, short‐term ARMS; ARMS‐LT, long‐term ARMS; BA, Brodman area; FEP, first‐episode psychosis; FG, frontal gyrus; HC, healthy controls; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; Pcu, Precuneus; n.s., nonsignificant; OFG, orbital frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SPL, superior parietal lobule.

^aCluster changed its significance after covarying for GMV (P value without VBM–GMV imaging covariate in parentheses).

^bCluster lost its significance after exclusion of medicated individuals (8 FEP, 2 ARMS‐LT).