Table II.
Verbal WM in Musicians | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | Left hemisphere | Right hemisphere | ||||||||
Verbal > nonrehearsal | Verbal > Tonal | Musicians > nonmusicians | Verbal > Nonrehearsal | Verbal > tonal | Musicians > nonmusicians | |||||
BA | Coordinate (x, y, z) | z‐value (SPM) | P‐value (ROI) | P‐value (ROI) | BA | Coordinate (x, y, z) | z‐value (SPM) | P‐value (ROI) | P‐ value (ROI) | |
Cingulate gyrus | 24 | 13, 13, 30 | 4.345 | n.s. | ||||||
Pre‐SMA/SMA | 6 | 4, 4, 54 | 5.483 | n.s. | ||||||
Pars opercularisa | 44 | −50, 7, 12 | 4.845 | .0001 v | ||||||
Ant. insula | −29, 19, 6 | 5.258 | .002 v | 31, 19, 3 | 4.617 | .02v | .002 m | |||
PMd | 6 | −26, −17, 57 | 3.734 | n.s. | ||||||
6 | −26, −2, 54 | 3.608 | n.s. | |||||||
PMvb | 6 | −47, 4, 36 | 4.715 | .006v | 6 | 28, −5, 48 | 4.448 | n.s. | ||
6 | −32, 1, 33 | 4.010 | n.s. | |||||||
Paracentral lobule | 6 | 7, −29, 63 | 4.183 | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
Somatosensory cortex | 3 | 31, −29, 66 | 3.794 | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
3 | 31, −29, 48 | 3.966 | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||
IPL | 40 | −53, −38, 48 | 3.394 | n.s. | ||||||
IPS | 7/40 | −47, −44, 57 | 3.895 | n.s. | ||||||
7/40 | −35, −50, 48 | 4.105 | n.s. | |||||||
7/40 | −29, −62, 45 | 3.989 | n.s. | |||||||
SPL | 7 | −20, −65, 57 | 3.987 | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
Putamen | −20, −8, 12 | 3.787 | n.s. | n.s. | ||||||
Cerebellum | 25, −65, −15 | 4.401 | n.s. | |||||||
Tonal WM in Musicians | ||||||||||
Area | Left hemisphere | Right hemisphere | ||||||||
Tonal > nonrehearsal | Tonal > verbal | Musicians > nonmusicians | Tonal > nonrehearsal | Tonal > verbal | Musicians > nonmusicians | |||||
BA | Coordinate (x, y, z) | z‐value (SPM) | P‐value (ROI) | P‐value (ROI) | BA | Coordinate (x, y, z) | z‐value (SPM) | |||
Cingulate gyrus | 32 | −17, 19, 33 | 3.822 | .03t | .006m | |||||
Pre‐SMA/SMA | 6 | 1, 1, 54 | 4.960 | n.s. | .04m | |||||
Lateral orbitofrontal c. | 10 | −26, 40, 12 | 3.391 | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
Pars opercularis | 44 | −56, 7, 9 | 3.999 | n.s. | .03m | |||||
Ant. insula | −29, 22, 3 | 4.660 | n.s. | .003m | ||||||
−35, 13, 9 | 4.514 | n.s. | .005m | |||||||
IFS | 46 | −44, 25, 27 | 3.944 | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
46 | −44, 46, 9 | 3.449 | .04t | n.s. | ||||||
IFS | 8 | −50, 13, 33 | 3.741 | n.s. | .03m | |||||
PMd | 6 | −26, −2, 51 | 3.897 | n.s. | .002 m | 6 | 25, −11, 60 | 4.181 | .05t | n.s. |
6 | 34, −17, 54 | 4.799 | .0006 t | n.s. | ||||||
PMvc | 6 | −47, −11, 42 | 4.535 | n.s. | n.s. | 6 | 55, −2, 39 | 3.933 | .02t | n.s. |
6 | −47, 1, 36 | 4.366 | n.s. | .03m | ||||||
6 | −32, 1, 30 | 3.738 | n.s. | .006m | ||||||
Paracentral lobule | 7 | 1, −32, 57 | 4.923 | .005t | n.s. | |||||
IPS/IPL | 40 | −35, −50, 54 | 4.734 | n.s. | .0004 m | |||||
SPL | 7 | −20, −65, 54 | 4.272 | n.s. | .009m | |||||
Cuneus | 31 | −26, −68, 6 | 3.070 | .02t | .02m | |||||
Putamen | −26, −8, 12 | 4.325 | .03t | n.s. | ||||||
Globus pallidus | 19, −8, 0 | 4.153 | .01t | n.s. | ||||||
Caudate nucleus | 16, −2, 21 | 4.479 | .02t | .02m | ||||||
Cerebellum | −20, −68, −9 | 3.793 | .0001 t | n.s. | 4, −80, −9 | 3.105 | .02t | n.s. | ||
−17, −38, −12 | 3.933 | n.s. | n.s. | 28, −71, −12 | 5.133 | .04t | n.s. | |||
−17, −53, −12 | 3.795 | n.s. | n.s. | 43, −65, −18 | 4.257 | .02t | n.s. | |||
−23, −44, −21 | 4.121 | n.s. | n.s. |
Coordinates refer to standard stereotactic space [Talairach and Tournoux, 1988].
BA: Brodmann Area; z‐values (SPM) indicate activations for verbal vs. nonrehearsal or tonal vs. nonrehearsal (z > 2.57, corrected for multiple comparisons, minimum cluster size of 10 voxels); P‐value verbal > tonal (ROI): P‐value obtained in the ROI analysis comparing verbal > tonal rehearsal for verbal WM in musicians; P‐value tonal > verbal (ROI): P‐value obtained in the ROI analysis comparing tonal > verbal rehearsal for tonal WM in musicians; P‐value musicians > nonmusicians (ROI): P‐value obtained in the ROI analysis comparing musicians > nonmusicians; superscript indices: v: verbal > tonal; t: tonal > verbal; m: mus > nonmus; n.s.: not significant (blank fields indicate that no comparison was conducted, see Materials and Methods); underlined P‐values were significant after Bonferroni correction; abbreviations: ant. = anterior, c. = cortex.
This activation also included activation in the IFS.
The left activation also included activation in M1, the right activation also included activation in PMd.
The left activation also included activation in M1.