Brain responses to observations of gestures versus still images (all images displayed at P < 0.001 uncorrected for visualization purposes; x = −51). A: Observation of all gestures across familiarity and races versus still images evoked greater activity in components of the pMNS [the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal premotor cortex and inferior parietal lobule (IPL)], as well as the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; not shown). B: Observation of the same race versus still (red) evoked activity in the left IPL and pSTS, while observation of a different race versus still (green) evoked activity in the left dorsal premotor cortex and pSTS. C: Observation of familiar gestures versus still images (red) evoked greater activity in the left pSTS, while unfamiliar gestures versus still images (green) evoked activity in dorsal IFG, IPL, and pSTS.