Table III.
Differences between men and women in functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity of the brain resting state networks (ANCOVA model, P < 0.001 uncorrected, cluster extent 10 voxels)
| RSNs | Gender effect | Brain region | MNI space coordinates x y z | No‐BPM correction | BPM correction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t‐Values | k | t‐Values | k | |||||
| Sensory networks | Sensorimotor I | Men>women | R postcentral gyrus (BA48) | 62 −12 18 | 3.7 | 64 | 4.5* | 130 |
| L insula (BA48) | −36 −10 14 | 4.3 | 30 | 3.3 | 10 | |||
| L STG (BA42) | −54 −28 18 | 3.9 | 36 | – | – | |||
| L IFG ((BA38) | −26 16 −24 | 3.7 | 12 | – | – | |||
| Women>men | R MTG (BA21) | 58 0 −24 | 4.5* | 31 | – | – | ||
| L MTG (BA22) | −58 −12 −2 | 3.7 | 20 | 4.4* | 15 | |||
| Sensorimotor II | Men>women | L postcentral gyrus (BA48) | −54 −16 16 | 4.1 | 50 | 3.5 | 10 | |
| L insula (BA13) | −42 −20 18 | 3.9 | 13 | 3.7 | 13 | |||
| Women>men | L IPL (BA40) | −54 −46 46 | 4.3* | 56 | 3.6 | 21 | ||
| R cerebellum crus I | 34 −54 −32 | 3.7 | 14 | – | – | |||
| Primary visual network | Men>women | R cerebellum 8 | 32 −68 −48 | 3.8 | 38 | – | – | |
| R lingual gyrus (BA17) | 8 −54 2 | 1.3 | – | 3.8* | 31 | |||
| Women>men | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Secondary visual network | Men>women | L STG (BA48) | −46 −4 −12 | 4.5* | 41 | – | – | |
| L postcentral gyrus (BA48) | −60 −14 18 | 3.9 | 11 | – | – | |||
| Women>men | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Auditory network | Men>women | L insula (BA13) | −18 18 48 | 3.6 | 13 | 3.6 | 11 | |
| Women>men | L MFG (BA10) | −38 36 28 | 3.8 | 40 | – | – | ||
| Cognitive networks | Default mode network | Men>women | R cuneus (BA18) | 2 −76 36 | 3.7 | 15 | 4.2* | 41 |
| R STG (BA42) | 60 −28 16 | 3.6 | 15 | – | – | |||
| Women>men | R precuneus | 8 −70 56 | – | – | 4.2* | 31 | ||
| Dorsal ACC (BA32) | 0 34 42 | – | – | 3.9 | 19 | |||
| Executive control network | Men>women | R MOG (BA39) | 36 −78 28 | – | – | 4.4* | 47 | |
| R SPL (BA7) | 26 −72 42 | – | – | 4.4* | 52 | |||
| Women>men | L ITG | −50 −8 −30 | 4.5* | 15 | 5.1* | 72 | ||
| L insula (BA48) | −44 −20 −2 | 3.9 | 15 | – | – | |||
| R Temporal pole (BA38) | 28 12 −24 | – | – | 4.8* | 38 | |||
| R MFG (BA9) | 38 14 54 | – | – | 3.7 | 28 | |||
| Salience network | Men>women | L postcentral gyrus | −54 −8 14 | 3.9 | 22 | – | – | |
| L insula (BA13) | −40 −4 −12 | 3.5 | 21 | 4.0* | 26 | |||
| Women>men | R MTG (BA21) | 56 −32 0 | 3.5 | 13 | – | – | ||
| Dorsal ACC (BA32) | −6 28 40 | – | – | 3.9* | 29 | |||
| Attention network | Men>women | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Women>men | R STG (BA22) | 66 −28 20 | 3.7 | 19 | 3.7 | 12 | ||
| R working memory network | Men>women | R STG | 66 −24 10 | 3.9 | 19 | – | – | |
| L IPL (BA7) | −40 −58 52 | – | – | 3.5 | 11 | |||
| Women>men | L cerebellum lobule VIII | −38 −58 −52 | 4.6* | 48 | 4.3* | 26 | ||
| R IFG (BA48) | 48 24 28 | – | – | 4.2* | 38 | |||
| L working memory network | Men>women | L SPL (BA7) | −20 −78 46 | 4.1 | 27 | 4.3* | 60 | |
| Women>men | R cerebellum lobule VIII | 32 −42 −46 | – | – | 3.8 | 14 | ||
| L cerebellum lobule VII | −32 −40 −38 | – | – | 3.5 | 20 | |||
| R insula (BA38) | 40 10 −2 | – | – | 3.4 | 14 | |||
Brain regions with a significant between‐gender difference with and without BPM correction are reported in light black, those with a significant between‐gender difference only when BPM correction was not applied are reported in shaded entries, and those with a significant between‐gender difference after BPM correction are reported in bold. For regions with a significant between‐gender difference with and without BPM correction, the reported MNI coordinates, t values and cluster extents are those disclosed by the analysis carried out without BPM correction.
RSN, resting state network; MNI, Montreal neurological institute; BPM, biological parametric mapping; L, left; R, right; BA, Brodmann area; MTG, middle temporal gyrus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; MOG, middle occipital gyrus; SPL, superior parietal lobule; ITG, inferior temporal gyrus.
P < 0.05, family‐wise error corrected.