Table I.

Patients' demographic, clinical, and structural imaging data

	VS1	VS2	VS3	VS4	VS5	VS6	VS7	VS8	MCS	LIS1	LIS2
Gender (age, years)	Male (62)	Male (21)	Male (16)	Female (69)	Male (82)	Male (87)	Male (38)	Male (63)	Male (24)	Female (24)	Male (20)
Etiology	Brainstem hemorrhage	Trauma	Trauma	Anoxia	Vascular encephalopathy	Trauma	Anoxia	Anoxia	Trauma	Brainstem stroke	Trauma
Time of fMRI (days after insult)	32	170	615	61	26	7	282	29	301	850	1,475
Outcome at 12 months	Dead	VS	VS	VS	Dead	Dead	VS	MCS	Still MCS	LIS	LIS
Auditory functiona	None	Startle reflex	Startle reflex	Startle reflex	None	None	Startle reflex	Startle reflex	Startle reflex	Consistent movement to command	Consistent movement to command
Visual functiona	Blink to threat	None	None	None	None	None	None	Blink to threat	Visual pursuit	Object recognition	Object recognition
Motor functiona	Flexion to pain	Abnormal posturing	Abnormal posturing	Flexion to pain	Flexion to pain	Flexion to pain	Abnormal posturing	Flexion to pain	Flexion to pain	Flexion to pain	Flexion to pain
Verbal/ Oromotor functiona	None	Oral reflexes	Vocalization	Oral reflexes	Oral reflexes	Oral reflexes	Oral reflexes	Vocalization	Oral reflexes	Oral Movement	Vocalization
Communicationa	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	Functional accurate	Functional accurate
Arousala	Without stimulation	Without stimulation	Without stimulation	With stimulation	With stimulation	With stimulation	With stimulation	Without stimulation	Without stimulation	Attention	Attention
EEG background activity	Diffuse theta‐delta,	Right‐lateralized theta‐delta, nonreactive	Irregular diffuse theta‐delta	Left lateralized diffuse theta‐delta	Symmetric theta‐delta, nonreactive	Irregular diffuse theta‐delta, nonreactive	Left‐lateralized theta, nonreactive	Diffuse theta‐delta, nonreactive	Not available	Diffuse theta, transient delta	Not available
Lesions on structural MRI	Pontine hemorrhage extending to midbrain	Diffuse axonal injury. Bilateral subdural frontal hygroma	Diffuse atrophy with secondary hydrocephalus. Bilateral lesions of lenticular nucleus thalamus, and parahippocampal structures	Diffuse bilateral white matter atrophy, caudate, thalamus, and parahippocampal lesions	Diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy. Bilateral basal ganglia and white matter lesions	Subarachnoid hemorrhage, brainstem, left lenticular nucleus, temporal and multifocal frontoparietal contusions	Diffuse white matter lesions	Posterior occipitoparietal ischemia	Corpus callosum, left thalamus, pontine, bilateral frontoparietal lesions	Centro‐ protuberential lesion	Pontine, midbrain, cerebellum, left thalamus lesions

VS, vegetative state; LIS, locked‐in syndrome; MCS, minimally conscious state.

^aBased on Coma Recovery Score‐Revised assessment.