Figure 1.

Behavioral results. (A) Percent correct recall performance for the 300, 100, and 0 yen reward conditions (standard errors are plotted above each bar). No significant difference was found between the conditions. (B) Qualitative rating score of reward‐induced anxiety for the 300, 100, and 0 reward conditions (standard errors are plotted above each bar). The 0 yen reward condition (*) showed significantly lower anxiety rating than both reward conditions. (C) Analysis of covariance of recall performance using anxiety as a covariate. The 300 yen condition showed a significant difference in recall performance when accounting for anxiety rating when compared with the 0 yen condition. The fitted linear plots of recall performance by anxiety rating are shown for the 300, 100, and 0 yen conditions. The 300 yen condition (*) showed a significant negative correlation between performance and anxiety rating (r = −0.65, P < 0.01).