Table I.

Association of WM lesions and regional GM volumes

	n	Age (years)	DD (years)	EDSS	Method	MRI findings (GM/WM association)
[Battaglini et al., 2009]	59 (RRMS) 25 (NC) bs vs. y3	41.0 (10.6)	1.8 (0.1–17)	Baseline 1.5 (0–5) Follow‐up 1.5 (1–5)	FSL‐VBM/ randomize SIENAr	RRMS: ‐baseline: significant GMV reductions in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes and insula compared to NC; follow‐up: further GMV reductions in lateral frontal and parietal cortices, correlated with increasing T2‐LV
[Bendfeldt et al., 2009a]	151 (RRMS) bs vs. y1	35 (17–60)	10 (6–17)	Baseline 2.0 (1.5–3.0); Follow‐up 2.3 (1.5–3.0)	VBM/SPM5	RRMS (N = 151): follow‐up: significant GMV reductions in fronto‐temporal regions RRMS subgroup analysis (N = 45): follow‐up: additional GMVreductions in frontal and parietal cortical regions of patients with increasing T2‐plusT1‐LV, but not in patients without increasing T2plusT1‐LV
[Sepulcre et al., 2006]	31 (PPMS) 15 (NC) bs vs. y1	43.2 43.7	3 (2–5)	4.5	VBM/SPM2	PPMS: baseline: bilateral thalamic atrophy in association with lesion load (number of voxels, 893; corrected P = 0.003); follow‐up: GMV reductions in putamen, caudate, thalami, cortical and infratentorial areas
[Pagani et al., 2005]	70 (MS): 20 (RRMS) 19 (SPMS) 31 (PPMS) 15 months	49.9 (25–68); 35.9 (25–43); 49.3 (35–58)	10 (0–34); 5 (0–20); 16 (6–34)	5 (0–8); 3 (0–5); 6 (4–8)	SIENA/SPM99	RRMS: ‐follow‐up: enlargement of the ventricular system correlated with changes in T2‐LV (r = −0.72 to −0.81) and T1‐LV (r = −0.69 to −0.76); ‐SPMS: ‐follow‐up: changes in T2‐LV correlated with development of atrophy in the left cingulate sulcus (r = −0.74), left inferior frontal gyrus (r = −0.71), left orbital gyrus (r = −0.75), left insula (r = −0.71), and right inferior portion of the lateral fissure (r = −0.76).; PPMS:‐follow‐up: changes in T1‐LV correlated with development of atrophy of the bilateral central sulci (r = −0.58 to −0.65), left angular gyrus (r = −0.69), and head of the left caudate nucleus (r = −0.61).