Table II.
Local structural brain differences between professional female ballet dancers and control females
| Measure (contrast) | Anatomical location | Hem. | MNI coordinates | Number of voxels (k) | t‐value (df = 16) FWE = 0.01 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |||||
| Gray matter volume | Premotor cortex (PMC) | left | −7 | 18 | 62 | 3,063 | 7.26 |
| (dancers < controls) | left | −5 | 12 | 55 | 5.28 | ||
| left | −4 | 24 | 57 | 4.81 | |||
| Putamen (Put) | left | −22 | 8 | −5 | 5,177 | 7.15 | |
| left | −34 | 4 | 0 | 5.51 | |||
| left | −37 | 11 | −8 | 4.84 | |||
| Supplementary motor area (SMA) | left | −6 | −2 | 46 | 2,161 | 6.49 | |
| right | 1 | 9 | 38 | 4.13 | |||
| right | 5 | 2 | 52 | 4.11 | |||
| Superior frontal gyrus (SFG) | left | −13 | 28 | 45 | 3,224 | 6.02 | |
| left | −24 | 30 | 43 | 4.91 | |||
| left | −28 | 38 | 40 | 4.44 | |||
| White matter volume | Corticospinal tracts (CST) extending | left | −27 | −10 | 14 | 39,268 | 9.90 |
| (dancers < controls) | into both internal capsules (IC) and | right | 25 | −5 | 10 | 8.89 | |
| corpus callosum (CC) | left | −44 | −5 | 29 | 7.92 | ||
| Anterior cingulum (Cing) | left | −15 | 35 | 30 | 2,726 | 8.11 | |
| left | −16 | 25 | 35 | 5.10 | |||
| Fractional anisotropy | Premotor cortex* (WM of PMC) | left | −28 | 7 | 42 | 4,771 | 8.34 |
| (dancers < controls) | Premotor cortex* (WM of PMC) | right | 20 | 16 | 50 | 8,417 | 6.27 |
| right | 18 | 32 | 30 | 5.99 | |||
| right | 23 | 16 | 40 | 4.84 | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus (MFG) | left | −31 | 29 | 29 | 3,119 | 5.61 | |
| left | −18 | 29 | 28 | 4.26 | |||
| Frontal operculum (FO) | right | 36 | 24 | 13 | 3,140 | 4.80 | |
| right | 33 | 38 | 10 | 4.55 | |||
| right | 36 | 16 | 12 | 4.52 | |||
Statistical parametric maps were height‐thresholded with P = 0.001 (uncorrected) and cluster extent familywise error (FWE) corrected with P = 0.01. Additionally, clusters were corrected for nonstationarity of smoothness. Note that the size of the spots in Figure 1 deviates from the cluster size reported in Table II. This difference results from the nonstationary smoothness correction that is only implemented for the number (list) of clusters yet. The correction of the statistical image, i.e., the maximum intensity projection itself, is not still possible due to technical problems in its implementation; hence the uncorrected cluster sizes are shown in the figure.
df, degrees of freedom; FWE, familywise error cluster extent correction; Hem., hemisphere; MNI; Montreal Neurological Institute; P, error probability.
White matter underlying premotor cortex.