Table 5.
Sociodemographic factors, maternal risk behaviors, protective behaviors, and migration, grouped by resilient and non-resilient children and their mothers in the neighborhoods with a high prevalence (27%) or low prevalence (11%).
| Resilient children, n ¼ 52 | Non-resilient children, n ¼ 284 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HP cluster, n ¼ 24 | LP cluster, n ¼ 24 | Total resilience | HP cluster, n ¼ 24 | LP cluster, n ¼ 24 | Total non resilience | |||||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | R | Prevalence | HP cluster only | LP cluster only | |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||||||||||
| Maternal age (mean, SD) | 26.3 ± 6.54 | 25.8 ± 5.46 | 26.0 ± 5.93 | 27.0 ± 5.04 | 25.4 ± 5.01 | 25.8 ± 5.04 | – | – | – | – | ||||||
| Education (mean, SD) | 10.3 ± 1.79 | 10.1 ± 1.77 | 10.2 ± 1.76 | 10.3 ± 1.82 | 10.0 ± 1.88 | 10.1. ± 1.87 | – | – | – | – | ||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||||||
| Above 2000 Rand | 19 | 82.6 | 23 | 85.2 | 42 | 84.0 | 62 | 96.9 | 209 | 95.0 | 271 | 95.4 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Above 5000 Rand | 10 | 43.5 | 15 | 55.6 | 25 | 50.0 | 26 | 40.6 | 85 | 38.6 | 111 | 39.1 | – | – | 0.09 | |
| Formal housing | 15 | 62.5 | 4 | 14.3 | 19 | 36.5 | 33 | 51.6 | 35 | 15.9 | 68 | 23.9 | 0.06 | <0.01 | – | – |
| Food insecurity | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother hungry days(mean, SD) | 1.71 ± 2.39 | 3.36 ± 4.73 | 2.6 ± 3.89 | 4.30 ± 4.55 | 3.95 ± 3.89 | 4.0 ± 4.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | – | ||||||
| Children hungry days(mean, SD) | 1.13 ± 2.35 | 2.71 ± 5.46 | 2.0 ± 4.3 | 3.5 ± 3.95 | 2.96 ± 3.54 | 3.10 ± 3.6 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.01 | – | ||||||
| Married/living with partner | 17 | 70.8 | 18 | 64.3 | 35 | 67.3 | 47 | 73.4 | 173 | 78.6 | 220 | 77.5 | – | – | – | 0.09 |
| 3Þ Adults in household | 18 | 75.0 | 19 | 67.9 | 37 | 71.2 | 53 | 82.8 | 154 | 70.0 | 207 | 72.9 | – | – | – | – |
| Maternal risk behaviors | ||||||||||||||||
| HIV positive status Depression | 9 | 37.5 | 12 | 42.9 | 21 | 40.4 | 27 | 42.2 | 69 | 31.4 | 96 | 33.8 | – | – | – | 0.09 |
| EPDS Score 213 | 10 | 41.7 | 20 | 71.4 | 30 | 57.7 | 43 | 67.2 | 138 | 62.7 | 181 | 63.7 | – | – | 0.03 | – |
| EPDSScore218 | 8 | 33.3 | 18 | 643 | 26 | 50.0 | 33 | 51.6 | 105 | 47.7 | 138 | 48.6 | – | – | ||
| Intimate partner violence | 10 | 41.7 | 13 | 46.4 | 23 | 44.2 | 36 | 56.3 | 110 | 50.0 | 146 | 51.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Problematic alcohol use | 4 | 16.2 | 3 | 10.7 | 7 | 13.5 | 8 | 12.5 | 29 | 13.2 | 37 | 13.0 | – | – | – | – |
| Protective behaviors | ||||||||||||||||
| Exclusively breastfeeding | ||||||||||||||||
| Up to 3 months | 3 | 14.3 | 5 | 20.8 | 8 | 17.8 | 11 | 17.2 | 25 | 11.7 | 36 | 13.0 | – | – | – | – |
| Up to 6 months | 1 | 4.8 | 1 | 4.2 | 2 | 4.4 | 6 | 9.4 | 22 | 10.3 | 28 | 10.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Attend preschool | 14 | 93.3 | 15 | 83.3 | 29 | 87.9 | 52 | 81.3 | 190 | 88.0 | 242 | 86.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Migration | ||||||||||||||||
| Children to rural | 13 | 54.2 | 10 | 35.7 | 23 | 44.2 | 20 | 31.3 | 83 | 37.7 | 103 | 36.3 | – | – | 0.05 | – |
| Children to rural, with mother | 9 | 37.5 | 5 | 17.9 | 14 | 26.9 | 11 | 17.2 | 44 | 20.0 | 55 | 19.4 | – | – | 0.04 | – |
The significant results of x2 analyses are presented by resiliency, prevalence, and prevalence by resiliency. EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; HP, high prevalence; LP, low prevalence.