Table .
Category‐level typicality ratings (1‐6) in Pilot Study 2 show similarities across languages for Typical vs. Atypical items for the ten categories used in Study 1
| Mandarin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical | Atypical | |||
| SHOES | loafers | 5.33 | slippers | 4.30 |
| PANTS | trousers | 5.38 | overalls | 4.83 |
| VEHICLE | car | 5.52 | train | 4.21 |
| WRITING INSTRUMENT | pencil | 5.00 | chalk | 3.17 |
| STATION | train station | 4.74 | airport | 1.96 |
| BUG | fly | 4.74 | butterfly | 4.08 |
| BUILDING | office building | 5.75 | garage | 1.50 |
| OIL | engine oil | 4.39 | gasoline | 3.41 |
| VEGETABLE | celery | 5.30 | eggplant | 4.74 |
| PAPER | writing paper | 5.13 | toilet paper | 4.87 |
| English | ||||
| Typical | Atypical | |||
| SHOES | loafers | 5.30 | slippers | 3.15 |
| PANTS | trousers | 5.85 | overalls | 4.19 |
| VEHICLE | car | 5.96 | train | 3.59 |
| WRITING INSTRUMENT | pencil | 5.81 | chalk | 4.33 |
| STATION | train station | 5.77 | airport | 3.59 |
| BUG | fly | 5.85 | butterfly | 4.74 |
| BUILDING | office building | 5.85 | garage | 2.84 |
| OIL | engine oil | 5.54 | gasoline | 3.74 |
| VEGETABLE | celery | 5.59 | eggplant | 4.96 |
| PAPER | writing paper | 5.89 | toilet paper | 3.85 |
Typical items (Chinese, M = 5.13, SD = 0.39; English, M = 5.74, SD = 0.19), Atypical items (Chinese, M = 3.70, SD = 1.13; English, M = 3.90, SD = 0.63). A Typicality (Typical vs. Atypical) by Language (English vs. Mandarin) ANOVA revealed only a main effect of Typicality, F (1, 18) = 53.68, P < 0.001. No significant effects of Language or Typicality by Language interactions were found.